45 results for “pretreatment”

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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleEffect of Microwave Pretreatment on BMP of Decanter Cake from Palm Oil Mill FactoryThaniya Kaosol, Worawuth RungarunanotaiAnaerobic digestion is an effective method for treating decanter cake in the biogas production. Decanter cake usage is limited by its slow fiber degradation for anaerobic digestion process. The aim of this study is to study the possibility of using microwave pretreatment to enhance decanter cake digestibility. The power and heating time are the parameters that influence the biogas production … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, Issue 5 · 23 May 2016 · 7,625 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleAlkali Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cattails from Constructed WetlandsBo Zhang, Abolghasem Shahbazi, Lijun Wang et al.Problem statement: To date, production of liquid fuel, particularly ethanol, has only been economically feasible from food crops that are high in sugar and starch. However, the use of arable land for fuel rather than for food production and the use of a food source for fuel rather than as food have created issues in prices and availability of traditional … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2010 · 9,105 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleEffect of Microwave and Ultrasonic Pretreatments on Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill EffleuntN. Saifuddin, S A. FazliliProblem Statement: Oil palm production is a major agricultural industry in Malaysia. In 2006, palm oil mills in Malaysia produced more than 58 million tonnes of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Existing treatment in a series of open lagoons at high ambient temperatures, results in the uncontrolled production of methane and carbon dioxide, which are both green house gases (GHGs). … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,986 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleNon Destructive Tests of Structural Bonds by Guided Ultrasonic Waves: Effect of a Surface Pretreatment or a Localized DefectValentina Vlasie, Martine RousseauThe aim of this study was to propose a non destructive method to test the mechanical quality of a bond aluminium/epoxy/aluminium. Thus, for each aluminium/epoxy interface, an intermediate interface modelling between a simple geometrical interface and an interphase (3D material medium), i.e. a 2D material medium. In order to describe the surface stresses, we introduce the surface free energy (the … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2005 · 6,883 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsDevelopment of Vegetable Based Milk from Decorticated Sesame (Sesamum Indicum)Jihad M. Quasem, Ayman Suliman Mazahreh, Khaled Abu-AlruzProblem statement: Decorticated sesame seed can supply us with nutritious, functional and healthy meals with relatively low cost. These properties make sesame a valuable source of protein and other nutrients to be utilized in imitated dairy products, which could be used for infant and adults with lactose intolerance as well as for vegetarian or others who like to eat dairy … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 5 · 31 May 2009 · 11,299 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAnaerobic Fermentation for Ceftriaxone Sodium Degradation in Excess Sludge: pH-Dependent Performance, Metabolite Formation, and Microbial Community DynamicsWeiwei Li, Hong Niu, Yonghui Zhang et al.The accumulation of ceftriaxone sodium (CTX), a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, in wastewater and sludge poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating effective degradation strategies. This study investigated anaerobic fermentation of excess sludge (12,000-14,000 mg/L) spiked with 15 mg/L CTX under varying pH conditions (4, 7, 10, 12) to evaluate sludge reduction, metabolite formation, and microbial community dynamics. Results demonstrated that … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 22, Issue 2 · 31 Jul 2026 · 857 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBioethanol Production from Graminoid Weeds in Bayero University Kano: A Potential Feedstock for Future Sustainable Aviation Fuel ApplicationsAdam Salihu Kila, Sa’idu Hassan Musa, Umar Aliyu Ahmed et al.This study evaluates the potential of selected graminoid weeds from Bayero University, Kano (BUK), Nigeria, as feedstock for bioethanol production. Ten (10) abundant weed species, including Cenchrus species, Cynodon dactylon, and Setaria barbata, were subjected to physicochemical pretreatment (ultrasonication, hydrothermal treatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis) followed by fermentation using Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their co-culture. Pretreatment significantly enhanced reducing sugar … …Energy Research Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 1 · 15 Jul 2026 · 1,170 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAluminium-Induced Hepatotoxicity and the Protective Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in Wistar RatsAnchana Babu, Rekha D Kini, Nayanatara Arun Kumar, Megha GokulAluminium is a widely distributed environmental contaminant whose chronic exposure leads to accumulation in multiple organs, including the liver, resulting in oxidative stress and tissue damage. When reactive oxygen species production exceeds the body's antioxidant defense capacity, cellular injury ensues — a mechanism central to aluminium-induced hepatotoxicity. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), an evergreen herb of the Solanaceae family widely cultivated in … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 1 · 6 Apr 2026 · 1,449 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNear Infrared Spectroscopy Identification Method for Five Chemical Types of Cinnamomum camphoraBailian Tu, Yueting Zhang, Yongjie Zheng et al.To more quickly and accurately identify the five chemical types of Cinnamomum camphora, a desktop and portable near-infrared spectrometer was used to collect the near-infrared spectra of the leaves of the five chemical types of C. camphora. Combined with chemometric methods, the near-infrared spectra of different chemical types of C. camphora were discriminated and analyzed. Using a desktop near-infrared spectrometer … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 21, Issue 1 · 20 Feb 2025 · 5,288 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDifferential Response of Chitosan-Pretreated Rice Cultivars at the Seedling Stage to Drought Stress on Growth and Leaf MetabolitesWasinee Pongprayoon, Sataporn Deeying, Sakchai Hongthong et al.The escalating prevalence of drought stress presents a significant obstacle to global rice cultivation, particularly in arid regions affected by climate change-induced water scarcity. Despite extensive research on the efficacy of exogenously applied chitosan in enhancing drought tolerance across various crops, there remains a gap in understanding the differential responses of chitosan-treated rice seedlings among different cultivars and different chitosan … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 1 · 20 Dec 2024 · 5,246 accessesView PDF Cite