Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsParameter-Expanded Data Augmentation for Analyzing Nominal Data With Missing Values Using Multinomial Probit ModelsSuwash Silwal, Xiao ZhangNominal data occur in many scientific fields, such as health-related studies, transportation, and econometrics. Due to the ubiquitousness of missing data, it is inevitable to analyze nominal data with missing values. As is well known, statistical methods for analyzing nominal variables are quite limited. The Multinomial Probit (MNP) model has been an essential tool for analyzing nominal categorical data, but … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 22, Issue 1 · 23 May 2026 · 1,804 accessesView PDFCite