Author

Xiao Zhang

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States

2 articles in our journals

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Research ArticleOpen accessParameter-Expanded Data Augmentation for Analyzing Nominal Data With Missing Values Using Multinomial Probit ModelsSuwash Silwal, Xiao ZhangNominal data occur in many scientific fields, such as health-related studies, transportation, and econometrics. Due to the ubiquitousness of missing data, it is inevitable to analyze nominal data with missing values. As is well known, statistical methods for analyzing nominal variables are quite limited. The Multinomial Probit (MNP) model has been an essential tool for analyzing nominal categorical data, but … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 22, Issue 1 · 23 May 2026 · 1,804 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessBayesian Analysis of Longitudinal Ordinal Data Using Non-Identifiable Multivariate Probit ModelsXiao ZhangMultivariate probit models have been explored foranalyzing longitudinal ordinal data. However, the inherent identification issuein multivariate probit models requires the covariance matrix of the underlyinglatent multivariate normal variables to be a correlation matrix and thushinders the development of efficient Bayesian sampling methods. It is knownthat non-identifiable models may produce Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)samplers with better convergence and mixing than … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 18, Issue 1 · 14 Nov 2022 · 6,044 accessesView PDF Cite