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45 articles for “Pretreatment”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractProduction of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: ReviewA.E. Ghaly, D. Dave, M.S. Brooks, S. BudgeProblem Statement: The research on the production of biodiesel has increased significantly in recent years because of the need for an alternative fuel which endows with biodegradability, low toxicity and renewability. Plant oils, animal fats, microalgal oils and waste products such as animal rendering, fish processing waste and cooking oils have been employed as feedstocks for biodiesel production. In order … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2010 · 21,467 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInvolvement of Microsomal Na+/K+ ATPase Activity in the Mechanism of Action of Dopaminergic D2 ReceptorsAbdulrahim Abu-JayyabProblem statement: Our previous research has shown that mitochondrial ATPase may have a role in the action of dopaminergic D2 receptors. It is therefore, thought of interest to investigate the effect of bromocriptine, sulpiride or their combination on the mitochondrial and microsomal ouabain sensitive and ouabain insensitive Na+/K+-ATPase in the liver of rats. Approach: In vivo treatment was carried out … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 6,971 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUtilization of Soft Wood Wastes as a Feed Stock to Produce Fuel EthanolAdnan M. Khalil, Ali F. Al-Shawabkeh, Ayman S. Mazahreh et al.Problem statement: The current research investigated the utilization of soft wood waste as a feedstock to produce a value-added product-fuel ethanol. Approach: The main issue in converting soft wood waste to fuel ethanol is the accessibility of the polysaccharides for breaking down into monosaccharides. This study focused on the use of steam as the pretreatment method. The governing factors for … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,628 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIntermittent Aeration in Biological Treatment of WastewaterH. Doan, A. LohiProblem statement: E-coating process is widely used to provide a protective coating layer on metal parts in the automotive and metal finishing industry. The wastewater from the coating process contains organic compounds that are used in the cleaning, pretreatment and coating steps. Organic pollutants can be removed biologically. In the aerobic biological treatment, water aeration accounts for a significant portion … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 8,131 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInvestigation of Cadmium (II) Ions Biosorption onto Pretreated Dried Activated SludgeR. Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, A. Jonidi Jafari, Gh. Shams KhorramabadiProblem statement: Heavy metals have been one of hazardous components in industrial effluents that can be damaged on the environment by discharging uncontrolled wastewater. The aims of this investigation were biosorption of Cd (II) ions onto pretreated dried activated sludge and determination of kinetic and isotherm of biosorption. Approach: Activated sludge was obtained from Tehran municipal wastewater treatment plant. Activated … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 28 Feb 2009 · 7,706 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDistillation and Microdiffusion Modifications for total Nh4f Quantification and 15N RecoveryGaius D. Eudoxie, Gregory A. GouveiaProblem statement: Applying 15N techniques to accurately determine the fate of fixed ammonium (NH4f) in the strongly and weakly held pools require modifications to existing methodologies. Modifications are necessary for measurement of total NH4f in soils by direct digestion with 5 M HF: 1 M HCl, excluding alkali pretreatment, followed by distillation and quantification of NH4. Quantification by distillation was … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2008 · 7,588 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSesame Oil As A Protective Agent Against Doxorubicin Induced Cardio Toxicity In RatKaneez F. Shad, Suhail Al-Salam, Alaaeldin A. HamzaThe therapeutic value of doxorubicin (DXO) as anticancer antibiotic is limited by its cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil against DXO-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress. The administration of DXO (20 mg/kg) to Wister male rats, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities (as cardiotoxicity indices) as well as cardiac malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2007 · 7,670 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Exposure to Various Durations of Light on Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Prepubertal Holstein HeifersL.J. Spicer, B.A. Buchanan, L.T. Chapin, H.A. TuckerOur objective was to determine if prolonged exposure to various durations of light (i.e., photoperiod) would affect serum IGF-I concentrations in heifers. Thus, 16 Holstein heifers, 2 to 4 mo of age, were exposed during a 5-wk pretreatment period to 12 h of cool-white fluorescent light (L) at an intensity of 1200 lux and 12 h of dark (D). At … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Dec 2007 · 6,670 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNaloxone benzoylhydrazone activates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases and modulates Nociceptin Opioid Peptide Receptor activityDeepak R. Thakker, Ghazi F. Altememi, Chitra D. Mandyam et al.Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) is often used as a nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist. However, NalBzoH is also a mixed μ antagonist/κ and δ opioid agonist and its actions at the NOP receptor range from an antagonist to partial agonist, depending on the effector response/system studied. We now report that NalBzoH activates endogenously expressed κ3 opioid, but not NOP, receptors … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2007 · 7,549 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractExpression of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NODs) in murine peritoneal macrophages on in vitro treatment with Thymosin α 1Shikha Tarang, Ajit SodhiThymosin α 1 (Tα1) treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro induces the expression of TLRs and Nod2 proteins. Enhanced expressions of TLR2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9 and Nod2 were observed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Expression of downstream signaling molecules - MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, IRF3 were also up regulated on treatment with Tα1. It was also observed … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 30 Jun 2007 · 7,150 accessesView PDFCite