Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractINFLUENCE OF REACTION TEMPERATURE AND REACTION TIME ON PRODUCT FROM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT OF BIOMASS RESIDUEJakaphong Kongpanya, Kanokorn Hussaro, Sombat TeekasapThailand is facing with problems associated with biomass residue such as palm oil residues (oil palm trunks, oil palm fronds, empty fruit bunches, shells and fibers). Biomass is promising source for the production of an array of energy-related produts including, liquid, solid and gaseous fuels, heat, chemicals electricity and other materials. Therefore, the use of biomass for energy is not … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 4 · 2 Jun 2014 · 7,676 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractLIPASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM KERNEL OIL WITH DIALKYLCARBONATESTjahjono Herawan, M. Rüsch Gen. KlaasLipase-catalyzed transesterifications-especially in a solvent-free medium-are important for industrial applications because such systems would have an enormous advantage by avoiding the problem of separation, toxicity and flammability of organic solvents. However, the organic solvent-free alcoholysis, especially methanolysis, does not give high conversions. The same problem also occurs when ethyl or methyl acetate are used as acyl acceptors. The main problems … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 8 · 6 May 2014 · 6,793 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDecolorization of Distillery Effluent by Thermotolerant Bacillus subtilisSoni Tiwari, Rajeeva Gaur, Priyanka Rai, Ashutosh TripathiProblem statement: Ethanol production from sugarcane molasses generate large volume of effluent containing high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) along with melanoidin, a color compound generally produced by “Millard reaction”. Melanodin is a recalcitrant compound degraded by specific microorganisms having ability to produce mono and di-oxygenases peroxidases, phenoxidases and laccases, are mainly responsible for degradation of … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 6 · 14 Mar 2012 · 7,647 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUtilization from Cement Kiln Dust in Removal of Acid DyesMohamed El-Shahate Ismaiel Saraya, Mahmoud El-Saied Aboul-FetouhProblem statement: The growth of industries and day to day changes in human activities has resulted in an increase in the volume and complexity of wastewater to the environment. Textile industry is one of the most water consumers industries of Egypt, thus discharges large amounts of wastewater effluents during processing, especially, in the coloring and washing steps. Cement kiln dust … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1 · 30 Jan 2012 · 7,526 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMeat Spoilage Mechanisms and Preservation Techniques: A Critical ReviewD. Dave, Abdel E. GhalyProblem statement: Extremely perishable meat provides favorable growth condition for various microorganisms. Meat is also very much susceptible to spoilage due to chemical and enzymatic activities. The breakdown of fat, protein and carbohydrates of meat results in the development of off-odors, off-flavor and slim formation which make the meat objectionable for human consumption. It is, therefore, necessary to control meat … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 2 Nov 2011 · 54,798 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStudy on Contact Forms in Wafer Chemical Mechanical Polishing in NanomachiningSu Jianxiu, Du Jiaxi, Chen Xiqu, Kang RenkeChemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) has become the most widely used planarization technology in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Problem statement: Studying the Contact Forms in Wafer Chemical Mechanical Polishing. Approach: A series test on the abrasion behavior and the lubricating behavior was conducted and then the test results were investigated by the abrasion and lubrication theory. Results: By the test results … …Current Research in Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 21 Jun 2011 · 7,282 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHeat-Modeling of Microwave Assisted Epoxidation of Palm Acid OilN. Saifuddin, L. Wei Zhan, K. Xin NingProblem statement: While microwave chemistry could well be the most convenient, rapid and energy-saving way to initiate a chemical reaction, the issues of thermal versus microwave specific effect remain unaddressed. Approach: A three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed to predict temperature profile during the enzymatic epoxidation of palm acid oil using microwave heating. Three-dimensional partial differential equations are formulated … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 25 Mar 2011 · 7,676 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMechanical Strength and Durability Properties of High Performance Mortar Containing Densified Silica FumeCheah Chee Ban, Mahyuddin RamliProblem statement: Numerous data and information on pozzolanic reaction and microfiller properties of silica fume were derived from laboratory investigation on silica fume in undensified form. Currently, due to low bulk density of undensified silica fume which poses problem in transportation and handling of the material, silica fume are commercially supplied in densified form. Densification process used to increase bulk … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2011 · 7,956 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractModelisation of Nitrification under Inhibited Environment by Moving Bed Bio-Film Reactor TechniquePham Thi Hong Duc, Le Van Cat, Jean-Luc VaselProblem statement: Nitrification by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) involves physical, chemical and biological processes to remove toxic ammonia for aquaculture that are governed by a variety of parameters, like substrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations, organic matters, temperature, pH, alkalinity and turbulence level, which impact negatively or positively on nitrification kinetics. Approach: The situation becomes more serious as the reaction … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 6 · 31 Dec 2010 · 6,946 accessesView PDFCite