MicroRNAs in Atherosclerosis: Key Players, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Opportunities

Atherosclerosis is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases, often progressing silently over many years before clinical symptoms manifest. The multifaceted pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, involving processes such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, presents challenges in early diagnosis and effective treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA molecules with post-transcriptional gene regulation abilities, have emerged as potential key players in atherosclerosis pathophysiology. However, there is a research gap in fully understanding the distinct roles and therapeutic potential of specific miRNAs in atherosclerosis management. This review aims to investigate and synthesize the current knowledge on prominent miRNAs associated with atherosclerosis initiation and progression, highlighting the need for precise diagnostic biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the roles of key miRNAs in atherosclerosis development, identify diagnostic biomarker candidates, and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting miRNAs to mitigate atherosclerosis-related complications efficiently.