Research ArticleOpen accessPhrase in the titleThe Innate Immunity in Bovine Mastitis: The Role of Pattern-Recognition ReceptorsFernando Nogueira de Souza, Eduardo Milton Ramos Sanchez, Marcos Bryan Heinemann et al.Mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers and industry, which are mainly caused by the entry of bacteria to the teat canal. Shortly after the entry of the invading bacteria, the innate immunity recognizes the invading pathogen through pattern recognition receptors and initiates the inflammatory response necessary to eliminate the invading bacteria. This initial inflammatory response releases cytokines … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 4 · 18 Oct 2012 · 10,352 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleInnate and Adaptative Immunity in the Sea-Star Asterias RubensMichel LeclercThe axial organ of the sea star Asterias rubens is a primitive immune organ. The B-like cells, when stimulated by various antigens, produce antibody substances correlating with Mouse Ig Kappa genes. On the other hand elements of the innate immunity are present in Asterias rubens such as Toll-like receptors, interleukin receptors, complement components which contribute to initiate the «antibody factor». …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 1 Sep 2012 · 7,903 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleInnate, Adaptive and Intrinsic Immunity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionSuneth S. Perera, Nitin K. SaksenaThe first line of defence of the innate immune system functions by recognizing highly conserved sets of molecular structures specific to the microbes, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs via the germ line-encoded receptors Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs). In addition to the innate immune system, the vertebrates have also evolved a second line of defence termed adaptive immune system, which uses … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 27 Nov 2012 · 9,723 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsSoluble CD14, Sialic Acid and L-Fucose in Breast Milk and their Role in Increasing the Immunity of Breast-Fed InfantsGhalib Ali Oriquat, Tahia H. Saleem, Samir T. Abdullah et al.Problem statement: Breast milk contain protective factors as soluble CD14, L-Fucose and Sialic acid which increase the innate immunity and level of intelligence, decrease the incidence of gastroenteritis, chest and other systemic diseases in newly born infants. In the present study the role of soluble CD14, L-Fucose and Sialic acid, in increasing the immunity in breastfed infants were studied to … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 27 Apr 2011 · 10,188 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsRat Cardiomyocytes Express a Classical Epithelial Beta-DefensinAnnika Linde, Gerald H. Lushington, Frank Blecha, Tonatiuh MelgarejoBeta-defensins (BDs) are classical epithelial antimicrobial peptides of immediate importance in innate host defense. Since recent studies have suggested that certain BDs are also expressed in non-traditional tissues, including whole heart homogenate, and because effector molecules of innate immunity and inflammation can influence the development of certain cardiovascular disease processes, we hypothesized that BDs are produced by cardiomyocytes as a … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 6,994 accessesView PDFCite
Literature ReviewOpen accessIn the keywordsUnraveling NETosis: From Immune Mechanisms to Therapeutic InnovationsAnastasia V. Poznyak, Alexey V. Churov, Gulalek Amanmyradovna Babayeva et al.Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are integral to immune responses, serving both protective and pathological roles in inflammatory diseases. Despite increasing recognition of NETs, significant gaps remain in understanding the nuanced mechanisms of NETosis and its implications for health and disease. This review systematically explores NETosis—the formation of NETs—by elucidating the molecular signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms involved. We highlight the … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 4 · 21 Feb 2026 · 1,678 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordscDNA Cloning and Characterization of the House Dust Mite Allergen Sui p 2Joshua Evans M. Bajao, John Donnie A. RamosSuidasia pontifica (Sp) is a House Dust Mite (HDM) species found in tropical urban residential areas which causes sensitization of up to 75% of allergic patients. Cloning of allergens from Sp is a significant initial step in understanding the clinical significance of this HDM species. The study describes the cloning and in silico characterization of the group 2 allergen gene … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 2 · 14 May 2020 · 7,885 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsToll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Gene Expression in Canine HeartA. Linde, F. Blecha, T. MelgarejoToll-like receptors (TLRs) are archetypal pattern recognition receptors of immediate importance for an efficacious innate immune response. TLRs exhibit marked differential tissue activity and their levels within a discrete cell type can be highly dynamic. Of 13 known mammalian paralogues, three TLRs have been identified in the dog. Although cardiac TLR expression has been reported in other species, this study … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2007 · 6,921 accessesView PDFCite