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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleTrade Related Environmental Measures in Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO: Irreconcilable Differences?Nidhi SinghProblem statement: WTO adopted a multilateral trading system without ignoring the importance of protecting environment. Exceptions in Article XX, Clause (b) and (g) checks trade at the cost of environment. It is difficult to establish a relationship between Trade Related Environmental Measures (TREMs) in Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. For the past ten years there … …American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 8,621 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleHybrid Adaptive Filters for Dynamic Mass Measurement of Moving Objects on Flexible PlatformsSergio Bimbi Junior, Flavio Celso Trigo, Agenor de Toledo FleuryDynamic mass measurement of moving objects on flexible platforms remains a significant challenge due to mechanical vibrations, structural flexibility, and the inherently low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of strain gauge sensors. Traditional analog filtering approaches, such as Tow– Thomas active filters, exhibit limitations since gain stages propagate and may even amplify intrinsic noise, compromising metrological accuracy. This work proposes a hybrid … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 1 · 22 Apr 2026 · 2,655 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSenior Expertise and Peer Consensus: A Comparative Analysis of AI and Clinician Measurements in Multi-Curve Scoliosis AssessmentFrank Ibañez Elijorde, Joselito F. Villaruz, Ma Beth S. Concepcion, Mylo N. SoriasoGiven the scarcity in the literature, this study explored the use of AI for multi-curve scoliosis assessment. Its performance was analyzed through comparison against a group of clinicians composed of one senior and five non-senior orthopedic surgeons. The analysis focused on Cobb angle measurement and identification of vertebral endplates across three curve regions, namely Main Thoracic (MT), Proximal Thoracic (PT), … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 3 · 9 Mar 2026 · 1,390 accessesView PDFCite
Literature ReviewOpen accessEvery word in the titlePrediction of Body Weight from Linear Body Measurements in Sheep: A Systematic ReviewMathemba Kwezi Molosi, Lubabalo Bila, Thobela Louis TyasiThe aim of the study was to systematically review the literature on the prediction of the body weight from linear body measurement traits in sheep using four databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science. The findings showed that eighteen (n = 18) articles with22% (n = 4) were from South Africa certified to be utilised in this … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 2 · 5 Jul 2025 · 3,543 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleMeasure of Departure from Conditional Partial Symmetry for Square Contingency TablesYusuke Saigusa, Nobuki Fukumoto, Tomoyuki Nakagawa, Sadao TomizawaFor square contingency tables, asymmetry of conditional probability in part of the off-diagonal cells isconsidered with respect to the main diagonal. A measure is proposed torepresent the degree of departure from the symmetric structure and gives theapproximate confidence interval. Some numerical experiments are performed toillustrate the validity and usefulness of the proposed measure. Japaneseoccupational data are analyzed using the measure. …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 18, Issue 1 · 4 Oct 2022 · 5,561 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleInvestigation of Factors Influencing the Reproduction of Non-Gregarious Locust Pests in Northern Kazakhstan to Substantiate the Forecast of their Number and Planning of Protective MeasuresKurmet Baibussenov, Aigul Bekbaeva, Valery Azhbenov et al.The article presents the results of many years of research on the phytosanitary state of agricultural land for non-gregarious locust pests. As polyphagous pests, non-gregarious locusts are one of the key destabilizing factors in the production of economically important agricultural plants in the agricultural regions of Northern Kazakhstan. Research on the long-term population dynamics of non-gregarious locust pests to determine … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 1 · 17 Mar 2021 · 6,720 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titlePainting Psychotherapy Image Measurement and Reconstruction Algorithm based on Improved Hadamard MatrixMin Wan, Qiang Yang, Huajun WangPainting psychotherapy based on Internet technology has become a method of mental health testing and treatment. This method will produce a large number of digital images of painting psychotherapy. How to measure and reconstruct the image is the basis of automatic analysis and processing. This study aimed to propose a painting psychotherapy image measurement and reconstruction algorithm based on the … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 4 · 6 Nov 2020 · 6,781 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleLength Measurement of Long Gauge Blocks by InterferometerKanokporn Kohmun, Pichet Limsuwan, Monludee Ranusawud, Prathan BuranasiriA gauge block interferometer with a vacuum chamber was designed and constructed for the measurement of gauge block lengths between 10 to 1,000 mm. In the chamber, four gauge blocks under the length measurement can be mounted on the measuring table. Furthermore, the length of all four gauge blocks can be measured continuously in one measurement. In this study, four … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue 1 · 26 Sep 2020 · 7,099 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleGeometric Mean Type Measure of Marginal Homogeneity for Square Contingency Tables with Ordered CategoriesTomoyuki Nakagawa, Toshiki Takei, Aki Ishii, Sadao TomizawaFor square contingency tables, some studies have developed the weighted arithmetic mean type measure to represent the degree of departure from the marginal homogeneity. The present paper proposes (1) the cumulative partial marginal homogeneity model which has the weaker restriction than the marginal homogeneity model and (2) the measure to represent the degree of departure from the proposed model. The … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 16, Issue 1 · 11 Aug 2020 · 6,620 accessesView PDFCite
Case ReportOpen accessEvery word in the titleMeasles in its Malignant form in a 12-Year-Old Girl Immunosuppressed by HIV at the University Hospital of BrazzavilleOssibi Ibara Bienvenu Rolland, Adoua Doukaga Tatia, Moyen Engoba Mami et al.Measles is an eruptive and febrile disease that affects unvaccinated or under-vaccinated children, thus undermining the who-wanted goal of elimination. Its diagnosis is most often clinical and facilitated by the appearance of a maculopapulus rash associated with at least one element of the naso-oculo-respiratory catarrh in a context of no vaccination. Favourable in the absence of complications, the disease is … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 16, Issue 2 · 15 Apr 2020 · 6,755 accessesView PDFCite