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16 articles for “Hormesis”
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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleAn Ethical Appraisal of Hormesis: Towards a Rational Discourse on the Acceptability of Risks and BenefitsOrtwin RennIt is ethically mandated that potential beneficial aspects of low exposure to potentially hazardous material are incorporated in the risk-benefit balancing procedure. The potential harm done by pollutants does not justify the invocation of a categorical principle. Minimisation of risk is not required if health benefits are also at stake. Society needs to find an informed consent on the threshold … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,078 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleMicronutrients, Hormesis and the Aptitude for the Maturation of RegulationJaap C. HanekampThe potential of hormesis as the default model to assess and manage chemicals is considered in relation to micronutrients. It is pointed out that micronutrients, despite their well-known U-shaped dose-response curve, are assessed and managed only with excess-exposure in mind. Hereby a schism between health and safety is unjustifiably realized. This proves to be the conundrum of basically all chemicals … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,577 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleA Mathematical Modeling Approach to Characterize Hormesis, Caloric Restriction and Toxicity in Mortality Data from Toxicity StudiesPatricia J. NeafseyThe mortality of a population reflects the combined effects of natural aging with environmental insults (e.g. toxicant exposure, caloric restriction, over feeding, infections, etc.). No single endpoint, such as carcinogenesis, completely describes toxicant-induced effects in laboratory animals. Mathematical models of mortality and time-dependent exposure to toxicants can yield indices of net injury from all causes. With careful manipulation of diet … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,160 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleHormesis: Principles and Applications for Pharmacology and ToxicologyEdward J. CalabreseThe present assessment places hormetic dose responses within an historical context, documenting its origin, rejection by the biomedical community during the early decades of the 20th due to its close association with homeopathy and its revitalization during the later decades of the past century as the biomedical and toxicological communities became very interested in low dose effects of drugs and … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 8,210 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleElucidating the Mechanism(s) of Hormesis at the Cellular Level: The Universal Cell ResponsePaul S. AgutterMany environmental stressors elicit biphasic effects from single cells. Such cellular hormesis may be interpreted in terms of (a) the superimposition of simple biochemical processes or (b) the non-specific behaviour of the cell. The latter approach is emphasized in this article and identified with the universal cell response (UCR); however, the importance of identifying molecular-level concomitants of the UCR is … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 13,112 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleHormesis and Exercise: How the Cell Copes with Oxidative StressLi Li Ji, Zsolt Radak, Sataro GotoContraction-induced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has been shown to cause oxidative stress to skeletal muscle, heart and other organs. As an adaptive response, muscle antioxidant defense systems are upregulated in response to exercise to restore intracellular prooxidantantioxidant homeostasis. Thus, both young and old animals and humans involved in regular exercise have shown reduced oxidative damage during acute … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,817 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsWhat is Xenohormesis?Joseph A. Baur, David A. SinclairPolyphenols such as resveratrol and quercetin, which are produced by stressed plants, activate sirtuin enzymes and extend the lifespan of fungi and animals, ostensibly by mimicking the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. This observation raises an interesting question: Why should foreign molecules that are non-nutritive and seemingly unrelated to any endogenous molecule modulate the same biochemical pathways that mediate the … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 10,386 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsNeuroprotection Afforded by GABA Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury in Rat Cortical Brain Slices: An Hormetic Dose-Response EffectLorenzo Ricci, Massimo Valoti, Giampietro Sgaragli, Maria FrosiniThe aim of the present investigation was to assess neuroprotection exerted by GABA (100 nM-100 mM) in rat cortical brain slices subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Neuronal injury and neuroprotection were assessed by measuring the release of glutamate and lactate dehydrogenase and tissue water content. Results demonstrate that GABA exerted neuroprotective effects according to a U-shaped, hormetic-like, concentration-response curve, … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,166 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsThree Mild Stresses Known to Increase Longevity in Drosophila melanogaster Flies do not Increase Resistance to Oxidative StressÉric Le BourgExposure to a mild stress at a young age (hypergravity, cold or heat) increases longevity and resistance to heat shocks in Drosophila melanogaster flies and it may also delay behavioral aging and increase resistance to other stresses. The effect of these mild stresses on resistance to oxidative stress has not been studied. Flies were thus fed on a saccharose solution … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,301 accessesView PDFCite