Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleRoute Optimization using Hybrid GRU Learning Model for SDN and Edge-Based VANET TopologySavitha Kumar, Chandrasekar ChinnasamyIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) offersoutstanding features, including security applications and emergency alerts.Unfortunately, ITS limits traffic control services, adaptability, andadjustability due to the traffic volume. Hence, expanding the standard VehicularAd hoc Networks (VANET) framework is a requirement. As a result, in the latestdays, the concept of Software-Defined Networking based Vehicular Ad hocNetworks (SDN-VANETs) has drawn considerable attention, creating VANETssmarter. The SDN-VANETs … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 18, Issue 8 · 26 Aug 2022 · 6,160 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleAbout Northrop GrummanRelly Victoria Petrescu, Raffaella Aversa, Bilal Akash et al.The Northrop Grumman (formerly Ryan Aeronautical) RQ-4 Global Hawk (known as Tier II+ during development) is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) used by the United States Air Force and Navy and the German Air Force as a surveillance aircraft. The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (also known as the Stealth Bomber) is an American strategic bomber, featuring low observable stealth technology … …Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 19 Aug 2017 · 9,172 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleIntegrated ARIMA and Multi-Scale GRU for Crop Recommendation and Yield Prediction in Precision AgricultureVani Vijay Kumar Ballapuram, Gurupraksh Chirathahalli DyamannaAgriculture is the fundamental source of food, income, and livelihood for rural communities in India. Numerous crops are affected due to the lack of technical decision-making support and variations in weather patterns, temperature, rainfall, and atmosphere factors, which play a critical role in defining crop yield. Hence, choosing the appropriate crop to maximize yield is key to enhancing real-time farming … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 21, Issue 10 · 26 Nov 2025 · 2,022 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsAn Intelligent Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Paddy Disease DetectionS. Hrushikesava Raju, S. Adinarayna, U. Sesadri et al.Most countries rely on paddy/rice as a preferred staple crop due to its desirable agronomic characteristics. However, during the growth cycle, undetected or delayed identification of diseases can significantly reduce crop yield. To address this, machine learning approaches are increasingly employed for early-stage disease detection. Traditional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), while useful for sequential data, suffer from limitations such as … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 4 · 29 Apr 2026 · 1,747 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsHybrid Deep Learning Model for Evaluating Subjective Answers Based on Semantic Textual SimilaritySiddhesh Kudtarkar, Kavita ShirsatSubjective answer evaluation requires accurately identifying semantic similarities between student and reference responses. This study introduces a Hybrid Deep Learning Model (HDLM) that integrates CNN, GRU, and LSTM architectures to assess Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) more effectively. The HDLM employs two parallel branches-CNN-GRU and CNN-LSTM to capture both local syntactic features and long-range contextual dependencies, followed by Manhattan distance for … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 4 · 7 Apr 2026 · 1,690 accessesView PDFCite