Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsESTIMATIONS OF TOTAL MASS AND ENERGY OF THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSEDimitar ValevThe recent astronomical observations indicate that the expanding universe is homogeneous, isotropic and asymptotically flat. The Euclidean geometry of the universe enables to determine the total gravitational and kinetic energy of the universe by Newtonian gravity in a flat space. By means of dimensional analysis, we have found the mass of the observable universe close to the Hoyle-Carvalho formula M∼c3/(GH). … …Physics International, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 21 Mar 2014 · 17,696 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractFinite Bounded Expanding Carmelian White Hole Universe Without Dark MatterJohn Gideon HartnettThe solution of Einstein’s field equations in Cosmological General Relativity (CGR), where the Galaxy is at or cosmologically near the center of a finite yet bounded spherically symmetrical isotropic gravitational field, is identical with the unbounded solution. I show that this leads to the conclusion that the Universe may be viewed as a finite expanding white hole. The fact that … …Physics International, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 7 May 2013 · 6,935 accessesView PDFCite