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67 results for “Economic Costs”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsEconomic Impact of E. Coli O111 Outbreak in 1995 in AustraliaShahjahan Ali Khandaker, Mohammad AlauddinIncreased incidence of food-borne illnesses is a matter of significant concern for the community and the government alike. An outbreak of E. coli O111 that occurred in Australia in 1995 affected 200 people of whom 22 developed HUS while one person died. This study analyses the economic costs of the outbreak. The total cost of the outbreak is estimated to … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2004 · 7,553 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsPrevalence of Asthma Bronchiale in the Czech Republic and its Economic BurdenRichter Josef, Kral Vlastimil, Rajnohova Dobiasova Lucie et al.Asthma Bronchiale (AB) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways currently affecting around 350,000,000 patients in the world. A steady increase in prevalence of this disease was the incentive for our study of the prevalence of AB in the Czech Republic. Special attention was focused on possible differential regional incidence. We found that prevalence of this disease in an … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 12, Issue 3 · 30 Aug 2016 · 7,566 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsConstrained Probabilistic Economic Order Quantity Model under Varying Order Cost and Zero Lead Time Via Geometric ProgrammingKotb Abd-El-Hamid Mahmoud Kotb, Huda Mohamed Hamid Al-ShanbariProblem statement: In this study, we provide a simple method to determine the inventory policy of probabilistic single-item Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, that has varying order cost and zero lead time. The model is restricted to the expected holding cost and the expected available limited storage space. Approach: The annual expected total cost is composed of three components (expected … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 3 Nov 2011 · 7,612 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStructural Barriers to the Deployment of AI Foundation ModelsHristo Hristov, Elena Somova, Emil FuchedzhievArtificial Intelligence (AI) foundation models excel at benchmarks but are not always cost-effective or successfully deployed in enterprise systems. This paper analyzes the failures in their deployment through interconnected structural components characterized by: Economic constraints (computational costs, memory, and latency that scale with increasing use of AI model services), cognitive constraints (related to training objectives that optimize plausibility rather than … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 10 · 5 Oct 2026 · 808 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDesign and Implementation of an IoT-Based Application for Export-Import (EXIM) Document ManagementJulia Loisa, Johanes Fernandes Andry, Devi Yurisca Bernanda et al.International trade in the Export-Import (EXIM) sector is a key driver of global economic growth. However, EXIM document management still faces challenges such as data inconsistencies, input delays, and a lack of real-time visibility into document status. These issues result in shipping delays and increase operational costs. This research aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based EXIM application with … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 2 · 18 Feb 2026 · 1,854 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBurden of Early Pregnancy and Reach of Cash Incentive Scheme for Promoting Institutional Delivery in IndiaAnjali Srivastava, Priyanka Ribhu, Purujit PraharajThe burdenof early pregnancy and high out-of-pocket costs necessitate the use ofinstitutional care, qualified medical staff, and financial incentives to boostthe quality of maternal health services. In response, the Indian governmentintroduced the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme in2005, which offers cashtransfers to underprivileged women using public health facilities for childdelivery. Using the data from the National Family Health Survey-5 and … …Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 1 · 5 Jun 2025 · 6,906 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIncreasing Resistance and Productivity of Broiler Chickens through ProbioticsАlpeisov Shokhan, Myktybayeva Raya, Kozhakhmetova Zubaira et al.A series of experiments were conducted at the poultry farm "Sary-Bulak" in the Almaty region in 2023. The objective was to determine the effect of a probiotic supplement, developed based on the connection of strains of lactic acid bacteria, on live weight, average daily gain, livestock safety, feed costs per unit of live weight gain, meat quality of carcasses and … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 1 · 7 Oct 2024 · 4,857 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMarine-Derived Extracts as Economically Sustainable and Ethical Alternatives to Fetal Bovine Serum in HEK293 Cell CultureKian Kenneth Francisco Sanchez, Jennifer Seki-Wong et al.Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a staple supplement in cell culture, providing key growth factors that promote cell health and proliferation. Since 1885, cell culture has been a cornerstone of both basic and applied research, leading to significant discoveries of cell communication and function. However, the use of FBS presents economic and ethical challenges. Millions of bovine fetuses are euthanized … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 22, Issue 3 · 7 Aug 2026 · 1,042 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Review on Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaudich.): From Textile to Medicine and the Threats of Pests and DiseasesVictor Corbita, Mari Neila Seco, Leny Galvez et al.Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.), also known as “China grass”, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Urticaceae family. Ramie is considered one of the ancient and important economic and natural fiber crops today. Indeed, ramie fiber ranks first in durability, tensile strength, length of fiber cells, fineness, and color. Aside from its role in the textile industry, ramie is … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 4 · 2 Dec 2025 · 3,960 accessesView PDFCite