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315 results for “Costs”
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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleOptimizing an E-Waste Reverse Supply Chain Model while Incorporating Risk CostsLinh Thi Truc Doan, Yousef Amer, Sang- Heon Lee, Phan Nguyen Ky PhucThe rapid growth of Electronic Waste (E-waste) in recent years has created serious influences on the environment and society. The highly potential solution to mitigate this issue is the Reverse Supply Chain (RSC) which can reuse and recover E-waste materials. Risks generally derive from a RSC operation such as collection, transportation and treatment risks, but most studies ignore risk effects … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 4 · 24 Nov 2017 · 7,975 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleRoad Transport Congestion Costs Calculations Adaptation to Engineering ApproachMarjan Lep, Beno MesarecThe article represents so called "engineering" approach for computing the total road transport congestion costs. According to economic welfare theory, the total costs of transport congestion are defined as dead weight loss (DWL) of infrastructure use. With a set of equations DWL could be formulated in a mathematical way. Because such form of equation is not directly applicable for concrete … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2008 · 6,813 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleLong Cycles in Employment, Inflation and Real Unit Wage Costs, Qualitative Analysis and Quantitative AssessmentPeter Flaschel, Goeran Kauermann, Timo TeuberThis study provided some theoretical foundations for the empirical hypothesis. At first presented two simple prototype models of inflation, stagflation and disinflation. We concluded that there are cycles with a phase length much longer than the ordinary business cycle (in fact approximately five times as long as we saw in the empirical phase plots of the paper) which are not … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 13 · 18 Dec 2005 · 8,588 accessesView PDFCite
Short CommunicationsOpen accessEvery word in the titleMolecular Testing for Respiratory Tract Infections May Have Favorable Impact on Real-world Healthcare CostsAzia Evans, Vijay Singh, Pallavi Upadhyay et al.Molecular testing by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has improved diagnostic performance to inform appropriate treatment. However, its impact on healthcare utilization and costs related to respiratory tract infections are yet to be studied in detail. The aim of this study is to evaluate the costs of healthcare utilization following traditional culture and molecular PCR diagnostic testing for respiratory tract infections. … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 20, Issue 3 · 15 Jan 2025 · 5,262 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSTATUS OF THE ELDERLY HEALTHCARE COSTSFereshteh Farzianpour, Babak Farokhi, Saeid Shojaei et al.One of the most fundamental aspects of healthcare for the elderly is planning to reduce challenges associated with their healthcare costs. The present study aimed to assess the status of the elderly health care costs in North Khorasan Province in 2013. In this descriptive-analytical study, all elderly citizens in North Khorasan Province comprised the study population. Sample size was found … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 2 · 29 Jan 2014 · 7,402 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleAN EFFICIENT AUTONOMOUS KEY MANAGEMENT WITH REDUCED COMMUNICATION/COMPUTATION COSTS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKM. Devi, S. Chenthur PandianA primary concern in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is security. Secret sharing is an effective way to distribute a secret among n parties, where each party holds one piece of the secret. A number of key management schemes have been proposed for MANETs. However the secret sharing to control key hierarchy needs larger message transmission costs in many techniques. … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 9, Issue 10 · 5 Sep 2013 · 6,778 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleMulti-Product Multi-Constraint Inventory Control Systems with Stochastic Replenishment and Discount under Fuzzy Purchasing Price and Holding CostsAta Allah Taleizadeh, Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki, Mir-Bahador AryanezhadWhile in multi-periodic inventory control problems the usual assumption are that the orders are placed at the beginning of each period (periodic review) or depending on the inventory level they can happen at any time (continuous review), in this research, we relax these assumptions and assume that the periods between two replenishments of the products are independent and identically distributed … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2009 · 8,085 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleMeasuring the Costs of Production Based on Sizes of Farm Operation: A Study on Rice Farmers in Jessore District of BangladeshShaikh Moksadur Rahman, Jun TakedaThe quantity of rice production has increased regardless of the land operation size in recent years, but small and medium farmers still have a serious problem especially regarding the increasing cost involved in the production. As rice is the main crop, the condition of production, cost incurred in different inputs, purchasing nature of inputs and the source of production elements … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 5 · 31 May 2007 · 7,289 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsAssessment of Breeding Qualities of Kazakh White-Headed Bulls by Testing Their ProductivityAruzhan Nugmanova, Aliya Akhmetaliyeva, Yedige Nassambayev et al.The purpose of the study was to quantify the breeding qualities of Kazakh White-Headed bulls by assessing their productivity metrics. The primary objectives were to analyze live weight dynamics, daily growth rates, feed conversion efficiency, and morphological meat quality and to employ "A" complex indices for evaluating the breeding potential. The study observed bulls aged 8-15 months at the Khafiza … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 3 · 26 Jul 2024 · 5,407 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsPrevalence of Asthma Bronchiale in the Czech Republic and its Economic BurdenRichter Josef, Kral Vlastimil, Rajnohova Dobiasova Lucie et al.Asthma Bronchiale (AB) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways currently affecting around 350,000,000 patients in the world. A steady increase in prevalence of this disease was the incentive for our study of the prevalence of AB in the Czech Republic. Special attention was focused on possible differential regional incidence. We found that prevalence of this disease in an … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 12, Issue 3 · 30 Aug 2016 · 7,566 accessesView PDFCite