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135 articles for “immune response”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffects of Unilateral Cervical Vagotomy on Murine Dendritic CellsDaniel Sanzio Gimenes da Cruz, Ana Paula Nascimento de Lima, Patrícia Benites Gonçalves da Silva et al.The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism that modulates several inflammatory diseases. This modulation occurs upon activation of the vagus nerve, which modulates splenic macrophages and lymphocytes through the predominant neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine (ACh). We hypothesized that this modulation could also take place in dendritic cells, as these cells represent a link between the innate and … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 11, Issue 2 · 12 Jul 2015 · 6,949 accessesView PDFCite
EditorialOpen accessIn the abstractNeutrophil Extracellular Traps as Therapeutic Targets for Inflammatory DiseaseRory R. KoenenNeutrophilic granulocytes, or neutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cell and constitute a first line of defense against pathogens. They are characterized by a large polymorphic lobular nucleus and the presence of many secretory granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils are essential for a functional host defense, as is evidenced by the occurrence of severe infections in individuals with … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 9, Issue 4 · 25 Feb 2015 · 8,740 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Signaling Pathway and its Relation to Cancer and ImmunologyBruno R.B. Pires, Andre L. Mencalha, Gerson M. Ferreira et al.Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that is present in all metazoans from early embryonic development throughout adult life. It plays a major roles in the different stress responses that are triggered by low Oxygen (O2) levels and its expression is associated with cell survival. HIF-1 is a heterodimer protein that comprises the subunits HIF-1α and HIF-1β. The … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 10, Issue 4 · 17 Jan 2015 · 8,485 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMMUNOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATED FROM FARM ANIMALS AT TAIF GOVERNORATEAhmed M.A. Mansour, Hoda M. Zaki, Nibal A. Hassan, Abdulrahman A. Al-HumianyKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative enterobacterium that has historically been and currently remains, a significant cause of human disease and several kinds of infections in animals. In the present work, trials for the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from diseased and apparently healthy farm animals (cows, sheep, goats and camels) were done for recognition of Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies. It was noticed … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 10, Issue 1 · 6 Jan 2014 · 7,942 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAcute Phase Protein Responses in Mice Infected with River Water Contaminated by Pasteurella multocida Type B: 2Mohammed Muqdad Khaleel, Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Lawan Adamu et al.Animals are predisposed to infections through varieties of ways which activate the innate immune systems at the initial phase of acute infections. Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is a devastating septicemic disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by a particular serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and serotype B: 2 is the most importanta cause of the disease in Asia. Therefore, the present study … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 17 Sep 2013 · 7,758 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImmune-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord InjuryBasem I. Awad, Davina V. Gutierrez, Michael P. SteinmetzTraumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in both focal and diffuse spinal cord pathologies that are exacerbated by an inflammatory response after the initial injury. Resident and infiltrating immune cells contribute significantly to the growth-refractory environment near the lesion and can intensify damage to spared tissue, resulting in impaired spontaneous functional recovery. Numerous studies have demonstrated that several immunomodulatory therapies … …Neuroscience International, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 17 Apr 2013 · 6,884 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractTargeting Cellular Receptors as a Strategy for the Development of New Generation Mucosal VaccinesConstantine Bitsaktsis, Kari Wiedinger, Edmund Joseph GosselinMucosal pathogens are a primary source of infection that require the development of vaccines to induce a specific, protective and long lasting immune response. Despite an urgent need, development of effective mucosal immunization strategies has proven difficult. The literature was reviewed to elucidate cell specific targets that may be utilized to increase the immunogenicity of protective antigens through mucosal vaccination. … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 9, Issue 1 · 2 Feb 2013 · 7,029 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInnate, Adaptive and Intrinsic Immunity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionSuneth S. Perera, Nitin K. SaksenaThe first line of defence of the innate immune system functions by recognizing highly conserved sets of molecular structures specific to the microbes, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs via the germ line-encoded receptors Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs). In addition to the innate immune system, the vertebrates have also evolved a second line of defence termed adaptive immune system, which uses … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 27 Nov 2012 · 9,727 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPorcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Vaccinology: A Review for Commercial VaccinesV. G. PapatsirosPorcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) since its appearance in Europe in the early 1990’s has resulted in tremendous economic losses. Under field conditions vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention and control of PRRS. The aim of this study is to perform the PRRSV vaccinology regarding current status of commercial vaccines in Europe. There are … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 5 Nov 2012 · 8,127 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Innate Immunity in Bovine Mastitis: The Role of Pattern-Recognition ReceptorsFernando Nogueira de Souza, Eduardo Milton Ramos Sanchez, Marcos Bryan Heinemann et al.Mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers and industry, which are mainly caused by the entry of bacteria to the teat canal. Shortly after the entry of the invading bacteria, the innate immunity recognizes the invading pathogen through pattern recognition receptors and initiates the inflammatory response necessary to eliminate the invading bacteria. This initial inflammatory response releases cytokines … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 4 · 18 Oct 2012 · 10,357 accessesView PDFCite