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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsStudy on Contact Forms in Wafer Chemical Mechanical Polishing in NanomachiningSu Jianxiu, Du Jiaxi, Chen Xiqu, Kang RenkeChemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) has become the most widely used planarization technology in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Problem statement: Studying the Contact Forms in Wafer Chemical Mechanical Polishing. Approach: A series test on the abrasion behavior and the lubricating behavior was conducted and then the test results were investigated by the abrasion and lubrication theory. Results: By the test results … …Current Research in Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 21 Jun 2011 · 7,282 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsPreparation and Polishing Properties of Spherical Porous Silica AbrasiveHong Lei, Hu Li, Ping Liu, Ruling ChenProblem statement: Abrasive is one of key influencing factors on the polished surface quality in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP). Solid abrasives in CMP slurries are easy to cause polishing scratches. It is well known that reducing the hardness of abrasives would improve the polished surface quality. Therefore, the change in structure or shape of the abrasives means a change in … …Current Research in Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 15 Jun 2011 · 9,285 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsOptimizing Coagulation Process for Low to High Turbidity Waters Using Aluminum and Iron SaltsAkbar Baghvand, Ali Daryabeigi Zand, Nasser Mehrdadi, Abdolreza KarbassiProblem statement: Turbid waters, containing colloidal particles, are normally treated by coagulation-flocculation followed by clarification. Ferric chloride and alum, which are the most common types of coagulants in water treatment plants of Iran as well as many other countries, were investigated with the aim of determining their capabilities to reduce turbidity of drinking water. Turbidity was added as kaolin. Optimization … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 5 · 31 Oct 2010 · 21,079 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsRecovery of Lead(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Zea mays Tassel BiosorptionCaliphs M. Zvinowanda, Jonathan O. Okonkwo, Nana M. Agyei et al.Problem statement: Major adsorbent materials used in heavy metal ion removal from polluted aqueous streams are expensive and difficult to regenerate. In this study, the possibility of using Zea mays tassel, as an alternative low cost biosorbent material to remediate heavy metal pollution was investigated. Lead (II) was used because of its wide application in industrial products and well documented … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2010 · 8,465 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsHeterogeneous Modeling, Identification and Simulation of Activated Sludge ProcessesIbrahim H. Mustafa, G. Ibrahim, Ali Elkamel, A. H. ElahwanyProblem statement: The activated sludge system is a complex dynamic process and must account for a large number of reactions between large numbers of components. There is necessity for simulation models which describe the dynamic behavior of the activated sludge process. The application of the models in most treatment plants is limited due to lack of appropriate data acquisition and … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Jun 2009 · 6,592 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsTreatment of Landfill Leachate using Limestone/Sandstone Filters Under Aerobic Batch ConditionsAbdel E. Ghaly, M.A. Kamal, N.S. Mahmoud, R. CoteThe suitability of a passive technology, consisting of filters composed of a mixture of limestone and sandstone rocks, for the treatment of landfill leachates containing 6.6 mg Lˉ1 iron and 1.8 mg Lˉ1 manganese were investigated. The limestone and the limestone/sandstone filters successfully removed iron from the prepared solutions. The filters removed on average a minimum of 97.60% of the … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2007 · 7,066 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsSewage Treatment Plant Sludge: A Source of Potential Microorganism for Citric Acid ProductionParveen Jamal, Md. Zahangir Alam, M. Ramlan et al.This research emphasizes on the utilization of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) sludge, which is an inexpensive and easily available raw material and a good source for growth of microorganisms because it has enough nutrients and trace elements. This can be considered as an alternative cost effective solution for waste management in addition to the production of a value added product … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2005 · 8,933 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsPolar Disentangled Non-Local Convolutional Neural Network for Skin Cancer Classification Using Dermoscopy ImagesUsha Thirugnanam, Nalini JosephSkin cancer classification is the process of identifying and categorizing various types of skin lesions into cancerous and non-cancerous. This process is performed to achieve accurate detection, which minimizes the risk of severe health complications. However, classifying the severity of skin lesion images is a difficult task because of subtle and overlapping visual patterns, which could lead to inaccurate performance. … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 6 · 16 Jun 2026 · 1,207 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsAmeliorate Fuzzy C-Means: An Ameliorate Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm for CT-Lung Image SegmentationJ. Bridget Nirmala, S. GowriEffective and efficient image segmentation acts as a preliminary stage for the computer-aided diagnosis of medical images. For image segmentation, many FCM-based clustering techniques have been proposed. Regrettably, the existing FCM technique does not generate accurate and standardized segmentation results. This is due to the noise present in the image as well as the random initialization of membership values for … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 11 · 1 Oct 2013 · 6,819 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsTeatment of Work Camp Wastewater Using a Sequencing Batch Reactor Followed by a Sand FilterA. Rezaee, A. Khavanin, M. AnsariWork camps, have to be established quickly, are a transient nature and located in environmentally sensitive areas. Wastewater treatment systems located in the work camps often perform poorly. In response to these deficiencies and the need to provide for reliable, cost effective, high efficiency wastewater treatment, the research team designed a sequence batch reactor (SBR)/ sand filter system that is … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Aug 2008 · 6,702 accessesView PDFCite