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314 articles for “Synthesis”
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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleA Review: Mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous-15, Types, Synthesis and Its Applications towards Biorefinery ProductionNorhasyimi Rahmat, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Abdullah Rahman MohamedProblem statement: Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) is significant mesoporous silica with exclusive and important properties of highly ordered mesopores, hydrothermally stable and thick wall, profusely large surface area and huge pore volume which render it as promising catalyst for wide applications. However, the purely siliceous SBA-15 which lacks of acidity characteristic hinders its ideal capabilities as catalyst. Moreover, functionalization and … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 12 · 31 Dec 2010 · 14,981 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleEffect of Elicitors and Precursors on the Synthesis of Anthocyanin in Grape Vitis vinifera Cell CulturesNay Min Min Thaw Saw, Heidi Riedel, Onur Kütük et al.Problem statement: Nowadays, plant cell suspension cultures and immobilized cells are being utilized for the higher yield and quality of the products than extraction of whole plants. Anthocyanins are compounds found in plants that have powerful antioxidant properties. They also provide some of the coloring or pigment of plants, flowers and fruits. Anthocyanin from grape cell cultures can be used … …Energy Research Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 31 Oct 2010 · 15,277 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSynthesis of a Robust Multiobserver for the Estimation of Unknown Inputs Using the Piecewise Quadratic FunctionsElyes Maherzi, Mongi Besbes, Sami Zemmel, Radhi MhiriProblem statement: The estimation of states and the unknown inputs of a nonlinear system described by a multimodel are done by a multiobserver. The stabilization of the multiobserver calls upon uses both quadratic and no quadratic functions of Lyapunov. Although the stabilization using the quadratic approach is interesting from the point of view implementation, the step showed its limits for … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 9 · 30 Sep 2010 · 7,390 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleEnzymatic Synthesis of Palm Alkyl Ester Using Dialkyl Carbonate as an Alkyl DonorsRoila Awang, Choo Yuen MayProblem statement: Though efficient in terms of reaction yield and time, the chemical approach to synthesizing alkyl ester has drawback such as difficulties in the recovery of glycerol and the need for removal of salt residue. On the other hand, biocatalyst allow for synthesis of specific alkyl esters and easy recovery of glycerol. However, the solvent-free alcoholysis, does not give … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 7,235 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSynthesis and Characterization of Organotin(IV) N-Benzyl-N-Isopropyldithiocarbamate Compounds: Cytotoxic Assay on Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (HepG2)Normah Awang, Ibrahim Baba, Nor Syaidatul Akmal Mohd Yousof, Nurul Farahana KamaludinProblem statement: Several studies on organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds have been carried out but not on the synthesis and characterization together with cytotoxic assay of organotin(IV) N-benzyl-N-isopropyldithiocarbamate compounds. Approach: Three new organotin(IV) compounds of type N-benzyl-N-isopropyldithiocarbamate have been successfully synthesized by direct reaction between secondary amine with organotin(IV) chloride using in situ method. All the compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 8,092 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSynthesis and Characterization of Organotin(IV) Complexes Derived of 2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic Acid: In vitro Antibacterial Screening ActivityYip-Foo Win, Siang-Guan Teoh, M. R. Vikneswaran et al.Problem statement: Tremendous studies have been carried out on organotin(IV) complexes derivatives of carboxylate anions. However, the synthesis and characterization as well as the in vitro antibacterial screening activity of organotin(IV) carboxylate derived of 2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid have not been carried out. Approach: Organotin(IV) carboxylate complexes derivative of 2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-NH2-5-NO2-C6H3COOH have been successfully synthesized. The acid and complexes obtained were … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 7 · 31 Jul 2010 · 8,797 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSynthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear Metal Complexes Stabilized by Tetradentate Schiff Base LigandsEid A. Abdalrazaq, Omar M. Al-Ramadane, Khansa S. Al-NumaProblem statement: The synthesis, spectroscopic properties and theoretical calculations of acetylacetonimine and acetylacetanilidimine Schiff-base ligands, L1H and L2H, respectively and their dinuclear complexes of the type [M2LnCl2(H2O)2], where n = 1 or 2, M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) are described. Approach: The new tetradentate dianion Schiff base ligand which was used as stabilizers for the complexes were … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 5 · 31 May 2010 · 7,568 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleProsody Modification of Standard Arabic Speech Using Combining Synchronous Overlap and Add With Fixed-Synthesis Algorithm and Multi Level Discrete Wavelet TransformYkhlef Faycal, Bensebti Mesaoud, Bendaouia LotfiProblem statement: The objective of prosody modification is to change the amplitude, duration and pitch (F0) of speech segments without altering their spectral envelop. Applications are numerous, including, Text-To-Speech synthesis, transformation of voice characteristics and foreign language learning. Several approaches have been developed in the literature to achieve this goal. The main restrictions of these latter are in the modification … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2010 · 6,836 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleDesign and Implementation of Parallel Subunit for Synthesis Mathematical ModelsIssa M. ShehabatProblem statement: Mathematical modeling of different natural and technical objects and processes is one of the most important directions that needs high performance computing with huge memory. To reduce the computational time and expenses we need to carry out the calculations on specialized subunits. Approach: We described a self-organizing approximation method and introduced a new methodology of structural synthesis of … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2010 · 6,920 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSynthesis and Characterization of Organotin(IV) Complexes Derived of 3-(Dimethylamino)benzoic Acid: Cytotoxic Assay on Human Liver Carcinoma Cells (HepG2)Yip-Foo Win, Siang-Guan Teoh, Tengku-Sifzizul Tengku-Muhammad et al.Problem statement: Many studies have been carried out on organotin(IV) complexes derivative of carboxylate anions. However, the synthesis and characterization as well as the cytotoxic assay of organotin(IV) carboxylate derived of 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid have not been studied. Approach: Organotin(IV) carboxylate complexes derivative of 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, 3-[N(CH3)2]C6H4COOH have been successfully synthesized. Two types of diorganotin(IV) complexes, [{3-[N(CH3)2]C6H4COO(R)2Sn}2O]2 dimer (R = methyl … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2010 · 8,310 accessesView PDFCite