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151 articles for “Solid State”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractREPRESENTING MARKOV CHAINS WITH TRANSITION DIAGRAMSFarida KachapovaStochastic processes have many useful applications and are taught in several university programmes. Students often encounter difficulties in learning stochastic processes and Markov chains, in particular. In this article we describe a teaching strategy that uses transition diagrams to represent a Markov chain and to re-define properties of its states in simple terms of directed graphs. This strategy utilises the … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 · 17 May 2013 · 7,534 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMorphological Features of Rodoretto Valley Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope DeformationsMaria Gabriella Forno, Andrea Lingua, Stefano Lo Russo, Glenda TaddiaA new, detailed survey of the Rodoretto Valley (Western Alps, Italy) has been conducted resulting in the production of a new morphological and quaternary geological map of the area. The authors used the innovative Solid (True) Ortho-Photo (STOP) technology integrated with navigation sensors (Global Navigation Satellite System-GNSS/Inertial Measurement Unit-IMU). This state-of-the-art procedure has demonstrated several operational advantages during both the … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 6 · 9 Feb 2013 · 7,031 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCell-Based Therapies in the Prevention of Solid Organ Transplant RejectionAdrian E. Morelli, Sherrie J. DivitoProblem statement: Organ transplantation is a life-saving and increasingly common procedure, as it often serves as the only treatment available for end-stage organ disease. Although the constant development of new and more effective immunosuppressive drugs has revolutionized the prevention and treatment of acute graft rejection, these drugs have significant toxicity, greatly increase patient susceptibility to neoplasms and infection and exert … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 2 · 26 Jul 2012 · 7,416 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffects of Gas Velocity and Temperature on Nitric Oxide Conversion in Simulated Catalytic ConverterSathaporn ChuepengProblem statement: Gaseous emissions from gasoline engine such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides were usually reduced in three-way catalytic converter simultaneously around theoretical fuel and air combustion. Engine speed and load and other parameters were varied over a wide range of operating conditions, resulting in different exhaust gas composition and condition intake into catalytic converter. This work … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 8 · 27 Jun 2012 · 7,304 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCharacterization, Concentrations and Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds from Two Major Landfill Sites in KuwaitMohammad AlAhmad, Marwan Dimashki, Abdallah Nassour, Michael NellesProblem statement: The emission of pollutants from landfill sites in Kuwait is of major concern due to the associated adverse environmental and health impacts. There are 18 landfill sites in Kuwait which are contributing to the emission of atmospheric pollutants including; methane, carbon dioxide and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Approach: Determine the concentration and composition of VOCs in LFG emissions … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1 · 17 Feb 2012 · 7,976 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEnhancing Bioconversion Efficiency of the Earthworm Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kingberg) by Fortifying the Filtermud Vermibed using an Organic NutrientK. Vasanthi, K. Chairman, J. Savarimuthu Michael et al.Problem statement: Rapid urbanization and population growth are largely responsible for very high increasing rate of solid waste in the urban areas, its proper management and recycling is major problems of Municipal Corporation. Conversion of industrial wastes in to beneficial vermicompost not only solves solid waste accumulation but also yield highly nutritive organic manure. Approach: Enhancing the efficiency of earthworm … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 1 · 6 Jul 2011 · 8,719 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStudy on Contact Forms in Wafer Chemical Mechanical Polishing in NanomachiningSu Jianxiu, Du Jiaxi, Chen Xiqu, Kang RenkeChemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) has become the most widely used planarization technology in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Problem statement: Studying the Contact Forms in Wafer Chemical Mechanical Polishing. Approach: A series test on the abrasion behavior and the lubricating behavior was conducted and then the test results were investigated by the abrasion and lubrication theory. Results: By the test results … …Current Research in Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 21 Jun 2011 · 7,282 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPreparation and Polishing Properties of Spherical Porous Silica AbrasiveHong Lei, Hu Li, Ping Liu, Ruling ChenProblem statement: Abrasive is one of key influencing factors on the polished surface quality in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP). Solid abrasives in CMP slurries are easy to cause polishing scratches. It is well known that reducing the hardness of abrasives would improve the polished surface quality. Therefore, the change in structure or shape of the abrasives means a change in … …Current Research in Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 15 Jun 2011 · 9,285 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIsolation of Amylolytic Bacteria from Viscera of Labeo rohita (Ham.) and Optimization of Alpha Amylase ExtractionDebabrat Baishya, Hridip Kumar SarmaProblem statement: Fish is largely consumed in the north-eastern part of India resulting in the generation of huge amount of fish viscera in the market places. These waste generated is not properly managed for disposal. Under such circumstances it is necessary to properly utilize this waste regenerating the possibility of environment friendly disposal. Besides, industrially and commercially useful biological products … …Current Research in Microbiology, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 31 May 2011 · 8,051 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPalm Oil Milling Wastes and Sustainable DevelopmentA.C. Er, Abd. Rahim Md. Nor, Katiman RostamProblem statement: Palm oil milling generates solid wastes, effluent and gaseous emissions. The aim of this study is to assess the progress made in waste management by the Malaysian palm oil milling sector towards the path of sustainable development. Sustainable development is defined as the utilization of renewable resources in harmony with ecological systems. Inclusive in this definition is the … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 5 · 17 May 2011 · 7,691 accessesView PDFCite