36 articles for “Packaging”

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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Practices of Contract Farming Among Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Suppliers in MalaysiaNorsida Man, Nolila Mohd NawiProblem statement: Contract Farming (CF) concept is an agreement between buyers and producers, where by producers agree to produce and supply agriculture products according to the agreed quantity, quality, variety, grade, type of packaging and time of delivery. The two parties will mutually agree on the pricing of product, either on a contract price or a market price. Therefore, CF … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2010 · 9,992 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Different Uniform Temperature with Thickness-Wise Linear Temperature Gradient on Interfacial Stresses of a Bi-Material AssemblyD. Sujan, Z. Oo, M. V.V. Murthy, K. N. SeetharamuProblem statement: The thermal mismatch induced interfacial stresses are one of the major reliability issues in electronic packaging and composite materials. Consequently an understanding of the nature of the interfacial stresses under different temperature conditions is essential in order to eliminate or reduce the risk of structural and functional failure. Approach: In this analysis, a model was proposed for the … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 6 · 30 Jun 2010 · 7,068 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractFabrication of Single Layer SiO2 and Si3N4 as Antireflection Coating on Silicon Solar Cell Using Silvaco SoftwareA. Lennie, H. Abdullah, S. Shaari, K. SopianThe main objectives was to investigate and enhance the short circuit current density, Jsc and also to improve the efficiency of silicon solar cell by fabricating a layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) coatings on silicon solar cell. This fabrication carried out on high temperature during annealing process from 800-1050°C and variable thickness of antireflection coating (ARC) … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 12 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,674 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStudying the Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers on the Export of the Main Agricultural Products of IranZ. Ardakani, S. Yazdani, O. GilanpourProblem statement: As trade agreements decrease tariffs throughout the world, other barriers to trade emerge. These Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) can be just as troublesome as tariffs for exporting countries. NTBs include any of a number of hindrances that restrict the ability of companies to export. NTBs may now have a greater impact on trade than tariffs. Approach: In contrast with … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 7 · 31 Jul 2009 · 7,737 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAn Authoring Tool for As-in-Class E-lectures in E-learning SystemsNael HirzallahThis study lists and discusses the basic features that any E-Learning system should consider. It also proposes an authoring algorithm, namely Slide Generating Algorithm that uses the Authoring-on-the-Fly approach to create electronic course content from real lectures. A tool using the proposed algorithm was implemented packaging the outcome in a SMIL format including audio, video, and slides considering lecturer notes, … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 9 · 30 Sep 2007 · 7,359 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Characterization of Al Bond Pad Surface Treatment in Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) DepositionM.K. Md Arshad, A. Jalar, I. Ahmad, G. OmarThis study reports a number of experiments that were designed to characterize aluminum bond pad surfaces prior to electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). In the ENIG process, aluminum bond pads need special treatment to achieve successful nickel deposition and provide reliable interconnection of under bump metallurgy in advanced packaging. During this treatment process, the aluminum pad was cleaned, activated and … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2007 · 7,722 accessesView PDF Cite