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314 articles for “Synthesis”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Case for Interdisciplinary Environmental Education and ResearchWill Focht, Charles I. AbramsonProblem statement: Interdisciplinary environmental education and research at American colleges and universities have been criticized for ambiguous focus, insufficient integration and lack of rigor. Part of the reason for a clearly articulated conceptualization of the field is the failure to reach a consensus among those in the environmental profession and academic community on an overarching paradigm of environmental education and … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Apr 2009 · 7,204 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractReactive Nitrogen Intermediates Production by Macrophages of Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Goats and Supplemented with Dyhidroxyvitamin D3 in vivoAurora Martinez-Romero, Jose Luis Ortega-Sanchez, Jose Ramon Hernandez-Salgado et al.Problem statement: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's major health problems. To evaluate in vivo indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates (RNI) responses by blood mononuclear cells from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected goats supplemented with 1, 25 dyhidroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25-(OH)2D3]. Approach: An experimental, longitudinal and comparative study was planned. Twelve animals of goat cattle 20-to 24-month-old sannen … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 7,615 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRemediation of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) Contaminated Water by Using In situ Catalytic and Biological Combined TechniquesA. Nikpay, H. Kazemian, M. SadeghiThe hydrolysis reaction of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) into biodegradable products was studied on as-synthesized and commercial H-MFI zeolites. The effect of synthesis procedure and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio was investigated. The results obtained were indicated that H-MFI zeolites were effective in MTBE hydrolysis and increasing of the Si/Al ratio promotes the hydrolysis reaction. The amount of produced TBA was always lower … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 6 · 31 Dec 2008 · 6,634 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAn Efficient Production of Oligosaccharides by a Reaction using Whole Mammalian Cells as BiocatalystsTomohisa Kato, Rie Mitsumori, Kenichi HatanakaProblem statement: Mammalian cells were used for the production of oligosaccharides by saccharide primer method. However, because cells in culture are used, productivity of oligosaccharides is low. Approach: In saccharide primer method employing cells under culture, glycosylation was performed only by mixing the collected cells in reaction mixtures. Saccharide primer, 12-azidododecyl β-lactoside that mimics lactosylceramide (LacCer), was incubated with various … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2008 · 6,439 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHydrophobic, Polar and Hydrogen Bonding Based Drug-Receptor Interaction of TetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinonesV.K. Sahu, A.K.R. Khan, R.K. Singh, P.P. SinghAnti-HIV drug discovery has been increasingly focusing on HIV-1-RT (reverse transcriptase) as a potential therapeutic target. Tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinone (TIBO) belongs to non-nucleoside group of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A computational chemistry study has been performed on a series of tetrahydroimidazo-benzodiazepinones as HIV-1-NNRT inhibitors. Problem statement: In order to search out new drug of desired activity from the lead compounds, there was … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 4, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2008 · 8,837 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractConfigurable Multirate Filter BanksAli Al-HajMultimedia communications require efficient and real-time implementations of multirate digital signal processing systems. The backbone structures of multirate systems are digital multirate filter banks. Therefore, efficient multimedia communications rely, in the first place, on real-time implementations of multirate filter banks. In this paper, we describe a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of the analysis and synthesis filter banks which … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 7 · 31 Jul 2008 · 6,379 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHardware Implementation of Higher Throughput Anti-Collision Algorithm for Radio Frequency Identification SystemJahariah Sampe, Masuri OthmanThis paper presents a proposed hardware implementation of Higher Throughput Anti-Collision Algorithm (HTACA) for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. Our proposed HTACA combines a pipeline and a deterministic anti-collision technique in order to enhance its performances. These downlink and uplink operations are concurrently executed during the identification process. The downlink operation is purposely pre-selected a group of tags base on … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2008 · 7,443 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOptimization of Barbell Trajectory During The Snatch Lift Technique By Using Optimal Control TheoryShahram Lenjan Nejadian, Mostafa Rostami, Farzad TowhidkhahMathematical modeling and optimizing of snatch lift technique based on dynamic synthesis, is the aim of this study. The barbell trajectory is proposed as the performance index, evaluated experimentally by several researchers who have introduced some optimum trajectories according to the percentage of their owners' successes. Since none of the mechanical parameters were considered into the optimum trajectories, we develop … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 5 · 31 May 2008 · 7,716 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Novel Approach for Testing Stability of 1-D Recursive Digital Filters Based on Lagrange MultipliersK. R. Santhi, N. Gangatharan, M. PonnavaikkoDigital filters have found their way into many products from every day consumer items such as mobile phones to advanced maritime and military communications and avionics systems. Design of digital filters faces two fundamental problems, their stability and synthesis. Recursive filters have more stability problems than nonrecursive filters. Stability of a filter can be determined by the location of the … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 5 · 31 May 2008 · 6,484 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Alloxan-Diabetes on Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Immunoreactivity in the Gastrointestinal Tract, of Sprague Dawley Rats and How This May Affect Some of the Diabetic ComplicationsEdward O. Uche-Nwachi, Camille V. MitchellGastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is the mammalian analogue of bombesin. Both neuroendocrine peptides have similar distribution, functions and immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity for GRP has been demonstrated in the esophagus, stomach and small intestine. This peptide is reported to have various biological and pharmacological properties, which include the release of gastrointestinal hormones, control of satiety, gastrointestinal motility and stimulation of cellular proliferation … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 31 Dec 2007 · 7,250 accessesView PDFCite