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210 articles for “Production Cost”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUtilization of Eco-Feed Containing Mugwort Microorganism Compounds as a Feed Ingredient Source for Layer HensJassada Ruttanavut, Koh-en Yamauchi, Narin ThongwittayaProblem statement: Due to price hikes in feed, several strategies should be sought to reduce feeding costs. At the same time, there has been a considerable increase in environmental pollution from food waste. If food waste could be transferred into poultry diets, this would solve a great problem, helping poultry producers to reduce feeding costs, while reducing environmental problems arising … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 26 Apr 2011 · 8,378 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractModeling and Analysis of MRR, EWR and Surface Roughness in EDM Milling through Response Surface MethodologyA.K.M. Asif Iqbal, Ahsan Ali KhanProblem statement: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has grown over the last few decades from a novelty to a mainstream manufacturing process. Though, EDM process is very demanding but the mechanism of the process is complex and far from completely understood. It is difficult to establish a model that can accurately predict the performance by correlating the process parameters. The optimum … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 4 Nov 2010 · 9,615 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEvaluating the Maintenance Performance of the Semiconductor Factories Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Grey Relational AnalysisFei-Long Chen, Yun-Chin ChenProblem statement: Maintenance is an important factor in semiconductor factories, not only because of costs and the need for the uninterrupted operation of semiconductor equipment, but also the time and expense required for maintenance. If maintenance procedures are not performed properly, the equipment will have low efficiency or break down, production capacity will decrease and the company will incur extra … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2010 · 7,311 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHeuristic Placement Routines for Two-Dimensional Bin Packing ProblemL. Wong, L. S. LeeProblem statement: Cutting and packing (C and P) problems are optimization problems that are concerned in finding a good arrangement of multiple small items into one or more larger objects. Bin packing problem is a type of C AND P problems. Bin packing problem is an important industrial problem where the general objective is to reduce the production costs by … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,703 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDevelopment of a Fully Coupled Approach for Evaluation of Wellbore Stability in Hydrocarbon ReservoirsVera RoccaProblem statement: When a well is drilled in a hydrocarbon reservoir, the original thermodynamic conditions are altered, the natural stresses are redistributed and a stress concentration occurs around the hole. The alteration of the original equilibrium can lead to wellbore damage, sometimes to its complete collapse. Loss of time associated with stability problems is estimated to account for 12-15% of … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 6 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,564 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractReconciling the Bio Safety Protocol and the WTO Regime: Problems, Perspectives and PossibilitiesP. G. Gayathri, Reshma R. KurupProblem statement: The issue of regulation of international trade in Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) evokes a very unique, passionate and emotional debate between environmentalists and businesses. At the conceptual level itself, like most other multilateral environmental agreements, the Cartagena Protocol appears to be incompatible with the WTO Rules. Approach: Further, since there is precious little scientific certainty on the actual … …American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 7,782 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Quick Method for Metarhizium anisopliae Isolation from Cultural SoilsM. A. Tajick Ghanbary, A. Asgharzadeh, A. R. Hadizadeh, M. Mohammadi SharifProblem statement: Fungi are one of the most active members in biological community of cultural soils. Many saprophyte and facultative parasitic fungi live in soil. Metarhizium anisopliae, one of the most famous soil inhabitant entomopathogens has a virulence potential on plant and animal pests. Approach: Introducing a new method for its isolation from soil was an applied method to find … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 9,326 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Typical Case Study: Solid Waste Management in Petroleum RefineriesJadea S. Alshammari, Fatma K. Gad, Ahmed A.M. Elgibaly, Abdul Rehman KhanThe current environmental concerns have forced developed and developing countries to reduce air, water and land pollution for sustainable growth. Solid refinery waste is cocktail of hydrocarbons, water, heavy metal and fine solids and is substantial in quantity. The principal processes of waste management focus mainly on waste source reduction, reusing, recycling, composting, incineration with or without energy recovery, fuel … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Aug 2008 · 9,773 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSolid Waste Management in Petroleum RefineriesJadea S. Alshammari, Fatma K. Gad, Ahmed A.M. Elgibaly, Abdul Rehman KhanWaste management became focus of attention of many researchers and scientists in the last half century due to its vital importance. Waste management covered waste source reduction in general, by recycling, reusing, composting, incineration with or without energy recovery, fuel production and land filling. A common approach of waste management models were for specific problems with a limited scope (like … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Aug 2008 · 6,945 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThree Algorithms for Flexible Flow-shop SchedulingTzung-Pei Hong, Pei-Ying Huang, Gwoboa Horng, Chan-Lon WangScheduling is an important process widely used in manufacturing, production, management, computer science, and so on. Appropriate scheduling can reduce material handling costs and time. Finding good schedules for given sets of jobs can thus help factory supervisors effectively control job flows and provide solutions for job sequencing. In simple flow shop problems, each machine operation center includes just one … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 11 · 30 Nov 2007 · 6,972 accessesView PDFCite