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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsThe Effect of Reaction Temperature on Retaining Oxirane Oxygen Contents in the Synthesis of Epoxidized DiethanolamidesC. S. Lee, T. L. Ooi, C. H. ChuahEpoxidized diethanolamides were synthesized by reacting diethanolamine (DEA) with mixture of Epoxidized Palm Olein (EPOo ,40% w/w) and Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Olein (RBDPKOo , 60% w/w) at 1:3 molar at 80°C for 5 h and continued at 110°C for another 4 h of reaction time. Synthesized diethanolamides with high content of epoxides were reacted with isocyanate in the … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2009 · 7,372 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsThe Study of Morphological Structure, Phase Structure and Molecular Structure of Collagen-PEO 600K Blends for Tissue Engineering ApplicationN. F. Mohd Nasir, M. G. Raha, N. A. Kadri et al.A new material which is collagen/ poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend was developed to determine its possibility as a promising material for tissue scaffold. PEO with average molecular weight of 600,000 and collagen originated from calf skin were dispersed in 0.1 M acetic acid to prepare a concentration of 1 wt% for PEO and 0.15 wt% for collagen. The collagen-PEO600K … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2006 · 7,422 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Water Bath Heating on Tannin Content and Quality Improvement Potential of Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.)Daimon Syukri, Bastian Nova, Rina Yenrina et al.Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is a source of natural phenolic compounds rich in catechins and tannins and has potential as a sustainable industrial raw material. During heating, phenolic compounds may undergo structural changes, including possible oxidation and polymerization, which can affect gambier quality beyond its catechin content. This study evaluated the effect of indirect heating duration using a water bath … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 4 · 23 Sep 2026 · 704 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMolecular Identification and Antioxidant Profiling of Penicillium heteringtonii EUA-017 from Mangrove (Avicennia alba) in West Sumatra, IndonesiaAnthoni Agustien, Djong Hon Tjong, Yetria Rilda et al.Mangrove ecosystems harbor diverse endophytic fungi that produce bioactive secondary metabolites with potential antioxidant activities. This study aimed to identify an endophytic fungal isolate (EUA-017) from Avicennia alba mangroves in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and characterize its antioxidant metabolites. Molecular identification was performed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Secondary metabolites from ethyl acetate extracts were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 4 · 25 Mar 2026 · 1,410 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIsolation and Characterization of Collagen from IndonesiaLocal Duck Feet Using Bromelain EnzymeRafika Mila Amanah, Dita Prameswari Trenggono Putri, Mohammad Zainal Abidin et al.The utilization of local duck feet as a collagen source to minimizewaste and add value to the duck by-product. This research aimed to isolate andcharacterize collagen from Local duck feet using enzymatic method. Thebromelain enzyme in various concentrations: 0% (A), 0.2% (B), 0.4%(C), 0.6%(D), and 0.8% (E). Variables observed were collagen yield, viscosity, pH,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Sodium … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 2 · 24 May 2025 · 5,165 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOptimization of Biochar Quality from Palm and Cacao Waste through Variation of Pyrolysis Temperature and Duration as a Soil Amendment MaterialIwan Saputra, Sugeng Prijono et al.Palm and cacao waste are high-quality raw materials for producing quality biochar that enhances soil fertility, provided that the biochar production process takes into account various aspects of pyrolysis. The pyrolysis conditions, such as temperature and duration, significantly impact the quality of the biochar produced as a soil amendment. The type of raw material, pyrolysis temperature, duration, and other conditions … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 24, Issue 4 · 27 Jul 2024 · 5,558 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCharacteristics of Collagen from Parrotfish (Chlorurus Sordidus), Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus) and Pink Ear Emperor (Lethrinus Lentjan): Effect of Acetic Acid Concentration and Extraction TimeAsep Awaludin Prihanto, Abdul Aziz Jaziri, Mohammad D. Pratomo et al.The use of marine fish's skin waste such as parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus), tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), and pink ear emperor (Lethrinus lentjan) needs improvement to increase its economic value and sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of fish skin to acetic acid ratio with different extraction times on the yield and characteristics of skin collagen obtained from … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 1 · 28 Jan 2022 · 6,675 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractExtraction Process Optimization and Functional Characteristics of by Papain Solubilized Collagen from Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) SkinBiaoshi Wang, Wenfeng Li, Shumin Liu et al.Through collagen extraction from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) skin using an enzymatic method, the extraction optimization and characterization of collagen from raw materials after papain hydrolysis pretreatment are studied. The extraction process was optimized using the response surface methodology in this study. The findings show that the optimal conditions are a ratio (solvent to solid) of 25.0 mL/g, a … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 19, Issue 4 · 26 Dec 2023 · 5,553 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractComparative Study of Properties of Biopolymers from Corn Starch with Addition of Microalgae Spirulina platensisJúllia Koury Abreu, Loraynne Coelho Pereira, José Izaquiel Santos da SilvaThe discovery of the environmental impacts caused by petroleum-based polymers has led to the use of natural polymers gaining more and more space. Naturally occurring polymers, also known as biopolymers, are chemical compounds produced by living things or raw materials from renewable energy sources. Their main advantage is decomposition, while polymers from fossil and non-renewable energies can take hundreds of … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Issue 1 · 16 Mar 2023 · 6,026 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractControlled Delivery System for NPK Agrochemical Release from Chitosan Copolymer HydrogelsMaysam S. Mutlaq, Fawzi Habeeb JabrailChitosan (CS) the polysaccharide was copolymerized with Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) for the preparation of CS-co-PVA hydrogel and with Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for CS-co-CMC hydrogel. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), and SEM. The hydrogels were studied for agriculture applications, where their ability to swell and take large quantities of water many times its … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 1 · 8 Sep 2022 · 6,746 accessesView PDFCite