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199 results for “real set”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractTrade and Precaution: Their Progressive InterlaceIsh Puneet SinghProblem statement: The principle of precaution has developed in International Law, as it has been present in either explicit or implicit forms in most of the celebrated international treaties dealing with the protection of the environment, over the past two decades. In spite of the huge recognition that this principle has got through incorporation, in the international order, this principle … …American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 1, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,945 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractGroundwater in the Urban Environment: Management Needs and Planning StrategiesStefano Lo Russo, Glenda TaddiaProblem statement: Over the past thirty years urban transformations, such as urbanization, suburbanization, dis-urbanization and re-urbanization processes, have modified the subsurface conditions of Torino (NW Italy). In order to contribute to the solution of the problems concerning groundwater the conceptual model for the groundwater flow system, the schematization of the aquifers boundaries and the estimation of basic hydrogeological parameters are … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Aug 2009 · 6,659 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Robust Modification of the Goldfeld-Quandt Test for the Detection of Heteroscedasticity in the Presence of OutliersMd. Sohel Rana, Habshah Midi, A.H.M. Rahmatullah ImonProblem statement: The problem of heteroscedasticity occurs in regression analysis for many practical reasons. It is now evident that the heteroscedastic problem affects both the estimation and test procedure of regression analysis, so it is really important to be able to detect this problem for possible remedy. The existence of a few extreme or unusual observations that we often call … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2008 · 7,936 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Fuzzy Mathematical Programming Approach to DEA ModelsA. Azadeh, S.F. Ghaderi, Z. Javaheri, M. SaberiEvaluating the performance of activities or organizations by traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as efficiency frontier analysis models requires crisp input/output data. However, in real-world problems inputs and outputs are often imprecise. This study develops DEA models using imprecise data represented by fuzzy sets. An important outcome of assessing relative efficiencies within a group of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 10 · 31 Oct 2008 · 7,223 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNumerical Investigation Into The Behavior of Circular Pad Shallow Foundations Supported By Geogrid Reinforced SandS. M. Marandi, M. H. Bagheripour, R. Rahgozar, A. R. GhirianThis study seeks to widen the pool of knowledge on the use and characteristics of geosynthetics, specifically in the area of circular foundations supported by geosynthetic reinforced sand. The main objective of the work was to increase the awareness of circular foundation systems and thus increase the accuracy of current laboratory methods. Also, compare the results with that of previous … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2008 · 7,153 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThree Algorithms for Flexible Flow-shop SchedulingTzung-Pei Hong, Pei-Ying Huang, Gwoboa Horng, Chan-Lon WangScheduling is an important process widely used in manufacturing, production, management, computer science, and so on. Appropriate scheduling can reduce material handling costs and time. Finding good schedules for given sets of jobs can thus help factory supervisors effectively control job flows and provide solutions for job sequencing. In simple flow shop problems, each machine operation center includes just one … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 11 · 30 Nov 2007 · 6,969 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOn Recipe Based Service Composition in Ubiquitous Smart SpacesJunaid A. Chowdary, Seung-Kyu Park, Suk-Kyo HongWe present a recipe based service composition scheme in smart spaces. We discuss real time problems of highly synchronized and user customizable processes with the help of an example. On-the-fly Quality of Service (QoS) shows up as a major issue in such environment. Furthermore the QoS of a dynamically composed service depends upon the aggregate QoS of its developing components. … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2006 · 6,760 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessAll words, across the recordAn Adaptive Machine Learning Algorithm for Resilient Higher-Order Mutant GenerationSubhasish Mohanty, Jyotirmaya Mishra, Sudhir Kumar Mohapatra et al.In the field of software engineering, ensuring the reliability androbustness of software is paramount, and software testing plays a criticalrole in this process. Mutation testing, a fault-based technique, evaluates theeffectiveness of test suites by introducing artificial defects, known asmutants, into programs. This research presents a novel method forgenerating higher-order mutants (HOMs) using the Chemical ReactionOptimization (CRO) algorithm, which enhances the … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 21, Issue 5 · 20 May 2025 · 8,238 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessAll words, across the recordReal Time Multigraphs for Communication Networks: An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Mathematical ModelSiddhartha Sankar Biswas, Bashir Alam, Mohammad Najmud DojaMany problems of computer science, communication network, transportation systems, can be modeled into multigraphs (or graphs) and then can be solved. Nowadays, the networks are expanding very fast in huge volumes in terms of their nodes and the connecting links. For a given alive network, in many situations, its complete topology may not be always available to the communication systems … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 9, Issue 7 · 17 Jun 2013 · 7,068 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessAll words, across the recordSHAPE RETRIEVAL THROUGH MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE WITH SHORTEST AUGMENTING PATH ALGORITHMS. Muruganathan, N. Devarajan, D. Chitra, T. ManigandanShape matching and object recognition plays an vital role in the computer vision. The shape matching is difficult in case of the real world images like mpeg database images since the real world images has the internal and external contours. The Mahalanobis distance based shape context approach is proposed to measure similarity between shapes and exploit it for shape retrieval. … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 10, Issue 4 · 3 Dec 2013 · 6,856 accessesView PDFCite