Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUnderstand the Role of Natural KillerHan Yuen Lam, Swee Keong Yeap, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen et al.Problem statement: Immunosuppression is a common approach for pathogens or cancer to escape from immune system of the infected host. Some of the antimicrobe or anticancer drugs may also weaken the body immune system. Among various types of immune cell, natural killer cells are the key component of the innate immunity which plays an important role in first line defense … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 5 Aug 2011 · 7,935 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCardiotrophin-1 in Patients with Acute Myocardial InfarctionAbdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi, Mohammad Shojaie, Abdoulhossain MadaniProblem statement: Myocardial infarction is the combined result of environmental and personal factors. Prothrombotic factors might play an important role in this phenomenon. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, was identified as a growth factor for cardiac myocytes that induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and stimulates cardiac … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 9 · 30 Sep 2010 · 7,239 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractProduction and Roles of Glial Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Associated Dementia Neuroinflammation: A ReviewC. Chao, A. GhorpadeProblem statement: Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and its cognate targets, the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), were differentially expressed in human brain samples with or without HIV-1 infection or HIV-1 Encephalitis (HIVE). Approach: A through literature review demonstrated that cell culture models of Central Nervous System (CNS) cell types had been used to illustrate the intricate temporal patterns of TIMP-1/MMP expression, … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 6,953 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAnti-Inflammatory Activity of Vitex leucoxylon L. Bark Extracts Against Freund's Complete Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Sprague Dawley RatAlluri V. Krishnaraju, Chundi B.M. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju et al.Problem statement: Anti-inflammatory agents, particularly steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are often associated with adverse side effects including, GI irritation, ulcers, hypertension and cardiac abnormalities. A safe and effective intervention is essential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Approach: Abstract Vitex leucoxylon L., a medicinal plant of the verbenaceae family, used in traditional medicine for relieving headache and catarrh. VL-89/185A, was … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 8,044 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHormetic Triggers for Intervention in Aging, Disease and TraumaJoan Smith SonnebornHormesis refers to the ability of a chemical or physical agent to condition the physiological state of an organism to tolerate stress with low doses of otherwise harmful agents. Evolutionary evidence shows that the survival and longevity of species hinge on their optimal ability to resist stress challenge. Hormesis is a potent strategy to stimulate latent repair processes to tolerate … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,895 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCorrelation of IFN-Inducible Protein 10 Levels in Sera with Disease Severity and Clinical Outcome of the Dengue PatientsYing-Ray Lee, Nguyen-Thanh Hung, Ching-Chuan Liu et al.Dengue Virus (DV) infection may cause life-threatening Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Although many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS have been reported, the expression status of IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) in dengue patients is still unknown. This is the first report to unravel that IP-10 level was significantly elevated in the sera of Dengue Fever … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,051 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImmunopathogenesis of Dengue Hemorrhagic FeverHuan-Yao Lei, Kao-Jean Huang, Yee-Shin Lin et al.Dengue virus infection causes Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) whose pathogeneses were not clearly understood. A new hypothesis of immunopathogenesis is proposed for the development of the DHF/DSS. An aberrant immune over-activation after dengue virus infection not only impair the immune response to clear the virus, but also result in overproduction of cytokines … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 14,762 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNutritional control of HIV-AIDS-A case for SeleniumParisa Kalantari, Hema Vunta, Umamaheswari D. Palempalli et al.Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that is incorporated into proteins. Some of the selenoenzymes such as GPXs and thioredoxin reductases exhibit glutathione peroxidase-dependent activities towards organic and inorganic peroxides. Thus, selenoenzymes play a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative stress caused by accumulation of peroxides. In this respect, selenoproteins may interfere with the transcription-driven by oxidative stress-dependent signaling mechanisms to influence … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2007 · 7,344 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMicroarray Analysis of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Responses to Bacterial LipopolysaccharideJoe Minta James, J. Yun, Sandy Der, Shikha RanaAccumulating evidence suggest a causal role of bacterial and viral infections in atherogenesis. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to stimulate resting vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) with the production of inflammatory cytokines and modulation of quiescent cells to the proliferative and synthetic phenotype. To comprehensively identify biologically important genes associated with LPS-induced SMC phenotype modulation, we compared the transcriptomes … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 31 Dec 2007 · 6,994 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractGene Technology in Tissue EngineeringXiao-Dan Sun, In-Seop LeeScaffold, cells and signaling factors are regarded as the three essential components in tissue engineering. With the development of molecular and cell biology, gene technology is beginning to show a promising position in tissue engineering as it can influence these essential components at DNA-level. By introducing plasmid DNA or genes encoding certain signaling factors (growth factors/cytokines) into the cells, required … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,401 accessesView PDFCite