Immunodiagnosis in Jembrana Disease: A Review

Jembrana disease is a bovine disease that affects Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The causal agent is named Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV), a lentivirus member. The disease development of Jembrana disease in Bali cattle is unique for a lentivirus infection as it is related with severe clinical syndrome in an acute period. In experimentally JDV-infected Bali cattle, the death rate was about 21% and occurred within only 1 to 2 weeks post-infection. Indeed, the mortality of more than 60 000 cattles in a year was observed during the first outbreak and the disease is now endemic through-out parts of Indonesia. Early diagnosis constitutes a preventive method of further disease outbreaks. The Jembrana disease can be diagnosed by the clinical symptoms but more reliable diagnostic tools are available, based on either antigen (immunodiagnosis) or viral genome (molecular diagnosis). In this review, we summarize about immunodiagnostic tools of Jembrana disease which has been developed so far.