Research ArticleOpen accessPhrase in the titleAcceleration and Particle Field Interactions of Cosmic Rays: FormalismA. Tawfik, A. Saleh, M.T. Ghoneim, A.A. HadyThe origin and acceleration theories of Ultrah High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) are still mesterious problem in modern physics and astrophysics. The acceleration of ultra high energy cosmic rays is conjectured to occur through interactions with electromagnetic fields in different astrophysical objects, like magnetic matter clumps, besides the well-known shock waves and elastic Fermi mechanisms. Based on this model, a … …Physics International, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 18 May 2013 · 7,458 accessesView PDFCite
EditorialOpen accessPhrase in the titleProblems of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic RaysAnna V. UrysonCosmic rays are energetic particles coming to the Earth from space. They bombard the atmosphere producing cascades of particles that spread over a large area when they reach the ground. Cosmic ray energies vary in the wide band from about 108 eV up to few 1020 eV. It is established that most particles with energies of ~ (108-109) eV come … …Space Science International, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 6 Dec 2014 · 13,854 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessPhrase in the titleACCELERATION AND PARTICLE FIELD INTERACTIONS OF COSMIC RAYS II: CALCULATIONSA. Tawfik, A. Saleh, M.T. Ghoneim et al.The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) is still a one of the most controversial physical problems, especially that all potential acceleration mechanisms are not entirely able to explain the source of UHECR and their energy scale. Based on our generic acceleration model, that suggests different types of electromagnetic interactions between the cosmic charged particles and the different configurations of … …Physics International, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 17 Jul 2013 · 7,196 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsExtragalactic Diffuse Cascade Emission as a Probe of Processes in Active Galactic NucleiAnna Vladimir UrysonIn this study, we discuss possible imprint of source characteristics on extragalactic diffuse cascade emission that is initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays propagating through the universe. The common opinion is that cosmic ray sources are active galactic nuclei. Based on cascade emission analyses we demonstrate that possibly a new subclass of cosmic ray sources exists, a particle flux from … …Space Science International, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 25 Feb 2024 · 8,382 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsSearching of Main Cause Leading to Severe Influenza A Virus Mutations and Consequently to Influenza Pandemics/EpidemicsGuang Wu, Shaomin YanThe unpredictable mutations in the proteins from influenza A virus lead to the great difficulty in prevention of possible outbreak of bird flu and pandemic/epidemic of influenza. This unpredictability is due to the fact that we know little about the causes that lead to the mutations. In three of our recent studies on the hemagglutinins from influenza A virus, we … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2005 · 9,970 accessesView PDFCite