7 articles for “TLRs”

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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleExpression of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NODs) in murine peritoneal macrophages on in vitro treatment with Thymosin Î± 1Shikha Tarang, Ajit SodhiThymosin α 1 (Tα1) treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro induces the expression of TLRs and Nod2 proteins. Enhanced expressions of TLR2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9 and Nod2 were observed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Expression of downstream signaling molecules - MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, IRF3 were also up regulated on treatment with Tα1. It was also observed … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 30 Jun 2007 · 7,150 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsInnate, Adaptive and Intrinsic Immunity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionSuneth S. Perera, Nitin K. SaksenaThe first line of defence of the innate immune system functions by recognizing highly conserved sets of molecular structures specific to the microbes, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs via the germ line-encoded receptors Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs). In addition to the innate immune system, the vertebrates have also evolved a second line of defence termed adaptive immune system, which uses … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 27 Nov 2012 · 9,723 accessesView PDF Cite

EditorialOpen accessIn the abstractFocalize the Structure of Myd88 in TLR Signaling Pathway to Modulate Innate Immune Response: New Target for Old DiseasesShuai Xing, Ping ZhouAll diseases have their Achilles’ Heel to target and this is especially true for immunorelated diseases which must be treated by targeting the immune system somewhere and somehow correctly. In the most recent decade, immunologists recognized that the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in innate immune system plays a double-edged role in the pathogenesis of many notorious diseases. Although the … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 · 6 Sep 2017 · 7,862 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractGene Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and 5 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Systemic SclerosisSimin Almasi, Saeed Aslani, Hadi Poormoghim et al.The Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) family is appeared to be expressed in many cell types in the immune system and plays a role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. The expression profile and role of TLRs in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) have been partly explained. It is aimed through this investigation to evaluate the expression pattern of TLR 4 and 5 … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 12, Issue 1 · 17 Mar 2016 · 7,049 accessesView PDF Cite

Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHost Receptor Immunomodulation in Response to Shigella Surface Antigens: An Insight for Vaccine DevelopmentAshim K. Bagchi, Rushita A. Bagchi, Dipak K. Hens et al.Shigellosis, caused by Shigella is the most common cause of bacillary dysentery. The disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate owing to its multiple drug resistance. Hence recovery from the disease would primarily depend on the development of an effective immune-modulator for strong mucosal immune response. The role of cellular immunity may be a critical factor in protection … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 11, Issue 2 · 21 Jun 2015 · 6,752 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Innate Immunity in Bovine Mastitis: The Role of Pattern-Recognition ReceptorsFernando Nogueira de Souza, Eduardo Milton Ramos Sanchez, Marcos Bryan Heinemann et al.Mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers and industry, which are mainly caused by the entry of bacteria to the teat canal. Shortly after the entry of the invading bacteria, the innate immunity recognizes the invading pathogen through pattern recognition receptors and initiates the inflammatory response necessary to eliminate the invading bacteria. This initial inflammatory response releases cytokines … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 4 · 18 Oct 2012 · 10,352 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractToll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Gene Expression in Canine HeartA. Linde, F. Blecha, T. MelgarejoToll-like receptors (TLRs) are archetypal pattern recognition receptors of immediate importance for an efficacious innate immune response. TLRs exhibit marked differential tissue activity and their levels within a discrete cell type can be highly dynamic. Of 13 known mammalian paralogues, three TLRs have been identified in the dog. Although cardiac TLR expression has been reported in other species, this study … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2007 · 6,921 accessesView PDF Cite