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14 articles for “Natural Direct Effect”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsAPPLICATION OF THE MEDIATION ANALYSIS APPROACH TO CANCER PREVENTION TRIALS RELATING TO CANCER SEVERITYYasutaka ChibaIn a cancer prevention trial, an outcome such as cancer severity cannot be evaluated in individuals who do not develop cancer. In such a situation, the principal stratification approach has been applied. Under this approach, the Principal Strata Effect (PSE) has been considered, which is defined as the effect of treatment on the outcome among the subpopulation in which individuals … …Current Research in Biostatistics, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 6 Jan 2015 · 7,195 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUnraveling the Mechanisms of Plant Structural Defenses against Insect PestsAroni Preya Biswas, Roksana Al Nafiu Insha, Md. Khairul Mazed et al.Plants employ a variety of physical, chemical, and genetic strategies to defend against herbivore attacks. These biochemical defense mechanisms are complex and dynamic, encompassing both direct and indirect responses. Defense-related chemicals, whether constitutive or induced by herbivore damage, significantly influence herbivore feeding behavior, growth, and survival. Plant defense systems impact herbivore nutrition, development, and survival, highlighting the importance of chemical … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 25, Issue 1 · 7 Jan 2025 · 5,793 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSurvival and Mediation Analysis with Correlated FrailtyUsha S Govindarajulu, Mohsin QadriMany studies have focused on mediation effects, but fewer have focused on these in a time-to-event analysis and even fewer have focused on these effects in a survival model with frailty effects. The purpose of this study was to show unique modeling of correlated frailty effects with mediation and to demonstrate their use through simulations as well as on a … …Current Research in Biostatistics, Vol. 9, Issue 1 · 1 Dec 2019 · 13,005 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractChemical Coagulation/Flocculation Processes for Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater: A Comprehensive ReviewMounia Achak, Fatima Elayadi, Wafaa BoumyaOlive oil extraction processes generate three phases: Olive oil, solid residue (pomace) and aqueous liquor Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW). OMW causes serious environmental deteriorations such as coloring of natural waters, alteration of soil quality, phytotoxicity and odor nuisance. The direct discharge of this effluent into the soil bring various negative effects on the environment, due to its high load of … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Issue 3 · 30 Mar 2019 · 10,494 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffects of Environmental Change on Human Health: A Descriptive Economic AnalysisUttam Paudel, Shiva Raj Adhikari, Krishna Prasad PantEnvironmental dilapidation in developing countries upsurges the incidence of human diseases leading to societal impoverishment in the disease rampant areas. Literatures on economic evaluation of effects of environmental changes on human health are scanty. This paper descriptively reconnoiters major environmental changes, spread of diseases, associated household cost including health costs and finally benefits from the improvement of environment through household … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 14, Issue 6 · 7 Jan 2019 · 8,200 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInfluence of Bitumen Addition on Sabkha Soil Shear Strength Characteristics under Dry and Soaked ConditionsFahad A. Alotaibi, Humoud Melfi AldaihaniHigh salt content in sabkha soils means they are significantly affected by changes in water content. Dissolution of salts within sabkha soil mass decreases their shear strength upon inundation with water, resulting from the destruction of cementation bonds between soil particles. Therefore, successful improvement for these soils must be based on reducing the dissolution of sabkha salts to minimize their … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 4 · 13 Nov 2018 · 7,388 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Proposed Design for Illumination and Cameras Surveillance System for Optimum Supervision at a Perimeter Area of Nuclear FacilityAmir Abdel Wadoud, Alaa Abdelwahab SalehAn important component of a comprehensive security plan is lighting. Security Protective Lighting has three functional objectives: To illuminate a person, object, place or condition of security to permit observation and identification, to be a physical deterrent through the glare effect of direct light on the human eye and to be a psychological deterrent creating in an intruder's mind the … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 15, Issue 1 · 3 Feb 2018 · 8,051 accessesView PDFCite
EditorialOpen accessIn the abstractAn Opportunity for the Agricultural Sector: The Renewable Energy SourcesRiccardo Testa, Salvatore TudiscaToday, among the most important issue for energy decisions by policymakers, there are security challenges and environmental impacts on climate change and economic aspects. Since the seventies, in fact, global warming and environmental issues have had an increasing importance in international debate, attracting the attention of several scientific studies (Landi and Benelli, 2016). Many of these studies denoted that over … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 3 · 6 Sep 2016 · 8,092 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractQuery Translation using Concepts Similarity Based on Quran Ontology for Cross-Language Information RetrievalZulaini Yahya, Muhamad Taufik Abdullah, Azreen Azman, Rabiah Abdul KadirIn Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) process, the translation effects have a direct impact on the accuracy of follow-up retrieval results. In dictionary-based approach, we are dealing with the words that have more than one meaning which can decrease the retrieval performance if the query translation return an incorrect translations. These issues need to be overcome using efficient technique. In this … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 9, Issue 7 · 21 Jun 2013 · 7,469 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Health Risk of Formaldehyde to Human BeingsS. Norliana, A. S. Abdulamir, F. Abu Bakar, A. B. SallehProblem statement: Formaldehyde was classified as a potential human carcinogen, identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency and International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Class 2A carcinogen. It also can cause irritation to human. However, formaldehyde present in biological fluids or tissues and environment as a result of natural processes or from man-made sources and can be emitted … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 4, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 15,273 accessesView PDFCite