5 articles for “Free Fatty Acid (FFA)”

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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsThe Recovery of Used Palm Cooking Oil Using Bagasse as AdsorbentRizki Wannahari, Mariam Firdhaus Mad NordinProblem statement: The use and reduce cooking oil is a common phenomena in our society. While some of this cooking oil is further refine most of it however and not subject to any filtration in the refining process medium such as carbon active, silica are commonly use. Approach: The used of bagasse as adsorbent is not common. This is odd … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 2 Mar 2012 · 10,315 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractComparison of Chemical Characteristics of Various Commercial Animal Skin CrackersSiti Susanti, Antonius Hintono, Sri Mulyani et al.This study aims to compare the data on chemical characteristics (protein content, fat, ash, moisture, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), and total energy) of commercial skin crackers made from various kinds of animal skin. Four categories of commercial animal skin crackers from the same producer were assigned as treatments, including cowhide crackers, buffalo askin crackers, fish skin crackers, … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue 4 · 19 Dec 2022 · 5,712 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMethanol-Based Transesterification Optimization of Waste Used Cooking Oil over Potassium Hydroxide CatalystCholada Komintarachat, Sathaporn ChuepengProblem statement: Waste used Cooking Oil (WCO) harmfully affected to environment and human’s health can be a feedstock for producing biodiesel. Approach: The conversion of Fatty Acid and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of WCO with 15.0% w/w FFA content to biodiesel was studied through transesterification reactions. This work investigated the effects of alcohol and catalyst quantity, reaction time and temperature … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 9,739 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Study of Residual Oils Recovered from Spent Bleaching Earth: Their Characteristics and ApplicationsLoh Soh Kheang, Cheng Sit Foon, Choo Yuen May, Ma Ah NganThis study described the extraction of residual oils of spent bleaching earth (SBE) from palm oil refining industry, the properties and applications of residual oils obtained there from. Residual oils of SBE (acid-activated, WAC and neutral, NC) were recovered via solvent and supercritical-fluid (SC-CO2) extraction. The yields of residual oils recovered from WAC were higher than those from NC using … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 10 · 31 Oct 2006 · 9,231 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessAll words, across the recordDry Heating of Palm Fruits: Effect on Selected ParametersNu’man Abdul Hadi, Ng Mei Han, Choo Yuen May, Ma Ah NganThis study reports on the effects of dry heating of oil palm fruits for the purpose of sterilization and solvent extraction with various oil parameters. Steam sterilization of oil palm fresh fruit bunches was required as a pre-treatment to deactivate enzymes that give rise to Free Fatty Acids (FFA) before the oil could be extracted. While the use of high-pressure … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 1 Aug 2012 · 8,987 accessesView PDF Cite