Research ArticleOpen accessIn the keywordsAcceleration and Particle Field Interactions of Cosmic Rays: FormalismA. Tawfik, A. Saleh, M.T. Ghoneim, A.A. HadyThe origin and acceleration theories of Ultrah High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) are still mesterious problem in modern physics and astrophysics. The acceleration of ultra high energy cosmic rays is conjectured to occur through interactions with electromagnetic fields in different astrophysical objects, like magnetic matter clumps, besides the well-known shock waves and elastic Fermi mechanisms. Based on this model, a … …Physics International, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 18 May 2013 · 7,458 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Cosmic Microwave Background: A Strange CharacteristicA. DinculescuThe ratio of the self-gravitational energy density of the scattering particles in the universe to the energy density of the scattered photons in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the same in any volume of space. These two energy densities are equal at a radiation temperature on the order of the present CMB temperature. …Space Science International, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 11 Dec 2013 · 7,217 accessesView PDFCite