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95 results for “block-by-block method”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDesign and Analysis of Adders using Nanotechnology Based Quantum dot Cellular AutomataS. Karthigai Lakshmi, G. AthishaProblem statement: The area and complexity are the major issues in circuit design. Here, we propose different types of adder designs based on Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) that reduces number of QCA cells and area compare to previous designs. The quantum dot cellular automata is a novel computing paradigm in nanotechnology that can implement digital circuits with faster speed, … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 7, Issue 7 · 30 Jun 2011 · 7,311 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDesign and Optimization of a 1.55 µm Waveguide Based on Silicon Planar Photonic CrystalsR. Bchir, A. Bardaoui, M. Machhout et al.Background: Silicon based Planar Photonic Crystals (PPC) are used for the design of a 1.55 µm waveguide. Line defects are then formed in the PPC structures, by removing rows of holes, to obtain a Planar Photonic Crystal Waveguide (PPCW). Objective: First, we varied the thickness of the Silicon slab and the pore radius in order to obtain optimum design parameters … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2010 · 7,472 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Image Authentication with Tamper Localization Using Integer Wavelet TransformP. MeenakshiDevi, M. Venkatesan, K. DuraiswamyProblem statement: In recent years, as digital media are gaining wider popularity, their security related issues are becoming greater concern. Method for authenticating and assuring the integrity of the image is required. Image authentication is possible by embedding a layer of the authentication signature into the digital image using a digital watermark. In some applications tamper localization is also required. … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 · 30 Nov 2009 · 7,731 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractTrade Externalities of Agricultural Subsidies and World Trade OrganizationSatya Ranjan SwainProblem statement: Almost every country is spending a large proportion of its income on agricultural subsidies; still the agricultural farmers of developing countries are unable to compete globally. There is increase in dependence on food imports, and a decline in food self-reliance. The aim and objectives of this study is to highlight the multiplex nature and enormity of the trade … …American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 7,635 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Simple Approach for Building Cooling Load EstimationF. A. Ansari, A. S. Mokhtar, K. A. Abbas, N. M. AdamThe present work is to demonstrate how some very simple problems are made mathematically complex and seemingly tedious due to academic or business compulsions. There are some problems in which mathematical model are developed after making many simplifying assumptions. But, when it comes to solving these models, very sophisticated and complex schemes are applied. For such problems, dual policy does … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2005 · 7,534 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractED-XRF Analysis of Total Suspended Particulates from Enamelware Manufacturing IndustryJ. A. Sonibare, F. A. Akeredolu, O. Osibanjo, I. LatinwoConcentration and elemental composition of the total suspended particulates (TSP) emitted due to manufacturing activities of an enamelware industry in Lagos, Nigeria were investigated. Gravimetric method was used in mass concentration determination and an energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) analyzer was employed in the multi-elemental analysis. The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV, Nigeria's environment regulating body) set limit of 250 … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2005 · 6,683 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA BIVARIATE PROBABILITY MODEL TO IDENTIFY "HONESTY" VERSUS "CHEATING" IN ECONOMIC SURVEYS: XENOPHOBIA IS ILLUSTRATEDRamalingam ShanmugamMaking successful policies for manufacturing or globalized business sectors require "honest" answers by the respondents in the surveys. When some respondents cheat in their answers to the questions in a survey for a variety of reasons, the survey results become useless. Currently, there is no appropriate probability model to address this phenomenon "cheating" in a survey. An efficient methodology is … …American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 18 Jun 2014 · 6,849 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAN EFFICIENT POWER REDUCTION TECHNIQUE IN ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING SYSTEM USING TONE RESERVATIONV. Nandalal, S. SophiaIn a basic communication system, the data’s are modulated onto a single carrier frequency. The available bandwidth is then totally occupied by each symbol. This kind of system can lead to Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) in case of frequency selective fading. The basic idea of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is to divide the available spectrum into several orthogonal sub channels so … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 9, Issue 9 · 6 Aug 2013 · 6,471 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCapability of Streptomyces spp. in Controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease in Rice PlantsRatih Dewi Hastuti, Yulin Lestari, Rasti Saraswati et al.Problem statement: Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the most damaging disease in lowland rice growing areas in Indonesia. Streptomyces spp. have been known as a producer of antimicrobial compounds that can be used as biocontrol agents. This study examined the ability of three promising indigenous Streptomyces isolates which were previously selected from in … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 2 · 30 May 2012 · 9,363 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSymmetry of Nonparametric Statistical Tests on Three SamplesAnna E. Bargagliotti, Donald G. SaariProblem statement: Many different nonparametric statistical procedures can be used to analyze ranked data. Inconsistencies among the outcomes of such procedures can occur when analyzing the same ranked data set. Understanding why these peculiarities can occur is imperative to providing an accurate analysis of the ranking data. In this context, this study addressed why inconsistent outcomes can occur and which … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 4 Nov 2010 · 7,071 accessesView PDFCite