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861 articles for “Reduction”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health: Focusing on the Rudnyi Altay Industrial AreaVitaliy G. Salnikov, Marat A. KaratayevProblem statement: Air pollution in Kazakhstan is significant environmental problem. The air pollution level of cities and industrial centers remains rather high. The highest level of air pollution is registered in Ridder, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Almaty, Zyryanovsk, Aktau, Atyrau, Shymkent, Taraz, Petropavlovsk and Temirtau. The enterprises of the Rudnyi Altay, Pavlodar Oblast and enterprises of oil and gas complex in West-Kazakhstan, Atyrau … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 3 · 21 Jul 2011 · 10,451 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Lactate Treatments on Survival of Food-Borne Pathogens in Frozen Shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis)Alireza Shirazinejad, Noryati IsmailProblem statement: Sodium lactate treatments were evaluated for reducing population of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae, inoculated on frozen shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis). Approach: Fresh shrimp were inoculated with the above pathogens, separately, at level of 105 CFU g-1 and appliedin sodium lactate solutions (NaL: 0.5% and 2.5% v/v) and 1% Lactic … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2010 · 7,721 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCharacterization of Substrate-Borne Vibrational Signals of Euschistus servus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)Brittany Lampson, Young Han, Ahmad Khalilian et al.Problem Statement: Stink bugs were not major pests of cotton in the southeastern United States until cotton varieties containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenes came into common use, enabling reductions in insecticide applications against highly destructive lepidopteran pests. To maintain the benefits of reduced insecticide applications, it would be advantageous to detect and target isolated populations of stink bugs before they … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2010 · 8,275 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Mixing Urea with Humic Acid and Acid Sulphate Soil on Ammonia Loss, Exchangeable Ammonium and Available NitrateMohd Taufik Mohd Yusuff, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Nik Muhamad Ab MajidProblem statement: Ammonia loss due to rapid hydrolysis of urea in soil following surface application can be substantial. Ammonia loss in agriculture is estimated to be 1 to 60%. This laboratory study compared the effect of three different urea-humic acid-acid sulphate soil mixtures on NH3 loss and soil ammonium and nitrate contents, with loss from surface applied urea without additives … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 5 · 31 Oct 2009 · 8,911 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Antioxidant Vitamins C and E Supplementation on its Plasma Levels and on Lipid Profile in Pulmonary Tuberculosis PatientsM. Madhavi, P. Samudram, A. Hemanth Kumar, Lalitha VictorProblem statement: Patients with active pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) are malnourished as indicated by reductions in lean mass, anthropometric indices and micronutrient status. Supplementation with vitamins may prove to be beneficial. Limited information is available on the supplementation of vitamin C and E in pulmonary TB patients. Hence, the present study was undertaken to address the question whether any benefit could … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 7,686 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Ambient Gasess on Respiration of Soil Supporting Four Crops in Central Saudi ArabiaAkram Ali, Ahmad Alfarhan, Ibrahim Aldjain, Nagat BokhariThis study was conducted at four localities (Maseef, Naseem, Oleya and Industrial City) in Riyadh city, KSA to determine the effect of increased tropospheric gases on responses of in situ soil respiration (Rs) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Giza 68), broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Lara), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Giza 3) and pea (Pisum sativum … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2009 · 7,471 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Decision Support Approach for the Sustainable Transfer of Energy Technologies under the Kyoto ProtocolCharikleia Karakosta, Haris Doukas, John PsarrasTheoretically, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was introduced in the Kyoto Protocol at COP-3 in December 1997 and has officially been operational since the year 2000, in order to assist the technology transfer of sustainable energy technologies from developed to developing countries so as to support the sustainable development of the host countries. Under the CDM, sustainable development is considered … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 12 · 31 Dec 2008 · 8,025 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStudy of the Allelopathic Potential of Extracts of Azadirachta Indica (Neem)Zoheir Y. Ashrafi, Aptin Rahnavard, Sedigheh Sadeghi et al.The allelopathic potential of extracts of Azadirachta indica L., which is one of the most dominant weeds in tropical regions of South-west Asia, was investigated under laboratory conditions. The n-hexane-soluble, acetone-soluble and water-soluble fractions obtained from the acetone extract of A. indica shoots inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of six test plant species. The inhibitory … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2008 · 7,844 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUtilization of Solar Radiation in High Energy Intensive of the World by PV SystemU. Ali RahomaSolar energy can be converted directly into electricity by means of solar cells. Solar cells currently cost around $3.50 per watt for crystalline cells and $2 per watt for thin-film wafers, which are less efficient but can be integrated into building materials. Industry analysts note that between 2000 and 2005, each doubling of cumulative production resulted in a price drop … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Apr 2008 · 9,685 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractWater Quality Assessment of A Constructed Wetland Treating Landfill Leachate and Industrial Park RunoffC. Galbrand, I. G. Lemieux, A. E. Ghaly et al.A surface flow constructed wetland was used for the treatment of landfill leachate and industrial park runoff. The wetland consisted of seven cells and was designed as a kidney shape to facilitate high retention time. The water quality was assessed for iron, manganese, phosphorus (orthophosphate), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrogen (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and TKN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Apr 2008 · 7,376 accessesView PDFCite