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201 results for “α conversion”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHead Gesture Analysis using Matrix Group Displacement AlgorithmMahmoud Z. IskandaraniA novel algorithm for head gestures interpretation is designed and tested. The designed system carries out gesture detection and recognition using the MGDA algorithm, which implements random sampling and importance sampling, such technique can track head poses and estimate head positions. Problem statement: Head position is an important indicator of a person’s focus of attention, which can be used as … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 6, Issue 11 · 23 Oct 2010 · 7,251 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Converting Secondary Tropical Peat Swamp Forest into Oil Palm Plantation on Selected Peat Soil Physical PropertiesMohd Suffian Firdaus, Seca Gandaseca, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Nik Muhamad Ab. MajidProblem statement: The conversion of forest land into oil palm plantation is considered to be one of the causes of soil degradation and loss of tropical land forest in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to compare selected peat soil physical properties of secondary tropical peat swamp forest and oil palm plantation to determine the effect of forest … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 31 Aug 2010 · 8,749 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEnzymatic Synthesis of Palm Alkyl Ester Using Dialkyl Carbonate as an Alkyl DonorsRoila Awang, Choo Yuen MayProblem statement: Though efficient in terms of reaction yield and time, the chemical approach to synthesizing alkyl ester has drawback such as difficulties in the recovery of glycerol and the need for removal of salt residue. On the other hand, biocatalyst allow for synthesis of specific alkyl esters and easy recovery of glycerol. However, the solvent-free alcoholysis, does not give … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 7,238 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMethanol-Based Transesterification Optimization of Waste Used Cooking Oil over Potassium Hydroxide CatalystCholada Komintarachat, Sathaporn ChuepengProblem statement: Waste used Cooking Oil (WCO) harmfully affected to environment and human’s health can be a feedstock for producing biodiesel. Approach: The conversion of Fatty Acid and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of WCO with 15.0% w/w FFA content to biodiesel was studied through transesterification reactions. This work investigated the effects of alcohol and catalyst quantity, reaction time and temperature … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 9,748 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBioethanol Production from Rice StrawNutawan Yoswathana, Phattayawadee Phuriphipat, Pattranit Treyawutthiwat, Mohammad Naghi EshtiaghiProblem statement: Rice straw has been treated with different chemical (acid, alkali) and physical (subcritical water, ultrasound) methods to convert lignocellulose material to sugar. In addition enzyme treatment of pretreated samples has been applied to improve the conversion of lignocellulose material in sugar. Approach: Sulfuric acid at concentration of 1-9% was applied for acid treatment. For alkali treatment was sodium … …Energy Research Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 30 Jun 2010 · 18,065 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBioconversion of Carotenoids in Five Fruits and Vegetables to Vitamin A Measured by Retinol Accumulation in Rat LiversArmando Carrillo-Lopez, Elhadi M. Yahia, Gabriela K. Ramirez-PadillaProblem statement: Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent and major nutritional problems in developing countries, especially in young children. In many countries, a substantial proportion of dietary vitamin A is commonly derived from pro-vitamin A carotenoids obtained from colored fruits and orange or green vegetables. However, the bioavailability of retinol derived from carotenoids from these plant sources … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2010 · 8,928 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Dual-Slope Integration Based Analog-to-Digital ConvertorHasan KradProblem statement: With the advent of the advanced technology and the need for more advanced equipment, the current progress and development of electronic instruments stimulate more interest and efforts for more innovative ideas and better designs. Many real world physical values, such as sounds, temperature, pressure and humidity, can be measured as analog or continuous signals. However, to process these … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,802 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImmobilization of Lipase from Candida rugosa on Chitosan Beads for Transesterification ReactionM. Nasratun, H. A. Said, A. Noraziah, A.N. Abd AllaProblem statement: Further study is recommended to improve the immobilization technique and the immobilized lipase’s performance as catalysis in transesterification reaction. Approach: To investigate the ability of immobilized lipase on chitosan beads to catalyze the transesterification of cooking oil to an ester. The porous bead of chitosan was used for immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa by physical adsorption. Parameters … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 9 · 30 Sep 2009 · 7,614 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractGreen Engines Development Using Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel: A ReviewSemin, R. A. Bakar, A. R. IsmailProblem statement: The Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a gaseous form of natural gas, it have been recognized as one of the promising alternative fuel due to its substantial benefits compared to gasoline and diesel. Natural gas is produced from gas wells or tied in with crude oil production. Approach: Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,169 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUtilization of Soft Wood Wastes as a Feed Stock to Produce Fuel EthanolAdnan M. Khalil, Ali F. Al-Shawabkeh, Ayman S. Mazahreh et al.Problem statement: The current research investigated the utilization of soft wood waste as a feedstock to produce a value-added product-fuel ethanol. Approach: The main issue in converting soft wood waste to fuel ethanol is the accessibility of the polysaccharides for breaking down into monosaccharides. This study focused on the use of steam as the pretreatment method. The governing factors for … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,632 accessesView PDFCite