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79 articles for “HIV Infection”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHormonal and Metabolic Disorders of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Substance AbuseJag H. Khalsa, Frank Vocci, Adrian DobsThere are an estimated 200 million users of an illicit drug in the world today. In addition, an estimated 40 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an estimated 180 million people are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Both the use of an illicit drug and the co-occurrence of infections are associated with a … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2006 · 6,715 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNeuropsychological Complications of HIV Disease and Substances of AbuseLisa R. Norman, Anil KumarIn the last decade, it has become increasingly apparent that neuropsychological deficits and impairments are associated with HIV infection. Given that antiretroviral therapies have extended the life expectancy of HIV-infected persons, it becomes critical to focus on the physical and mental health of these patients. Understanding the neuropsychology of HIV disease can provide insight into improving mental health, functional capacity … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,401 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNeuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Drug AuseArun Venkatesan, Ola Selnes, Valerie Wojna et al.Accurate assessment of the functional consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and drugs of abuse are critical as large populations are afflicted with both. Both are interdependent epidemics with important socioeconomic consequences. Experimental studies in animal models and in vitro clearly indicate that HIV and drugs of abuse cause increased neurodegeneration, glial cell activation and enhanced HIV replication. Nevertheless, … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,662 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCortisol Response Mediates HIV-1-Related Cognitive Deficits Among Injecting Drug AbusersRaymond L. Ownby, Drenna Waldrop-Valverde, Adarsh M. Kumar et al.The cortisol response is an important measure of the endocrine activity to environmental challenges and has been related to cognitive function and mood. Previous studies have shown that the cortisol response to stress is dysregulated in persons with HIV-1 infection. Since cortisol is neurotoxic and its levels have been related to cognitive dysfunction in various disorders, it is possible that … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,759 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNeuropsychological Dysfunction among HIV Infected Drug AbusersRamani S. Durvasula, Charles H. HinkinHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented to cause direct and indirect central nervous system dysfunction that can be observed as a progressive decline in neuropsychological functioning in a large proportion of persons with HIV and AIDS. Neuropsychological decline in individuals with HIV is characterized by cognitive and motor slowing, attentional deficits, executive dysfunction and memory impairment (characterized by intact … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 7,155 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOpiates Upregulate Adhesion Molecule Expression in Brain MicroVascular Endothelial Cells (BMVEC): Implications for Altered Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) PermeabilityMadhavan P.N. Nair, Supriya D. Mahajan, Jessica L. ReynoldsThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an intricate cellular system composed of vascular endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes that restrict the passage of immunocompetent cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Expression of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) and their interaction with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,610 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHeroin-Induces Differential Protein Expression by Normal Human Astrocytes (NHA)Jessica L. Reynolds, Supriya D. Mahajan, Donald Sykes, Madhavan P.N. NairHeroin use is postulated to act as a cofactor in the neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Astrocytes, integral components of the CNS, are reported to be susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Upon activation, astrocytes release a number of immunoregulatory products or modulate the expression of a number of proteins that foster the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. However, the role … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 7,261 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Changing Pathology of NeuroAIDS Associated with Drug Abuse in the Era of HAARTE Bell Jeanne, C. Anthony Iain, Simmonds PeterCompliance with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) arrests HIV induced immune collapse and reduces the prevalence of severe central nervous system (CNS) complications, including HIV associated dementia and encephalitis. However minor cognitive disorders remain common and recent autopsy studies have demonstrated the presence of subtle neuropathological abnormalities in HAART treated individuals, including persistent neuroinflammation and enhanced deposition in the brain … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,872 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSeroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Syphilis Infections among Patients Attending the STD, Gyn. and Obs., ANC Clinics of Northern India: Observations from Seven Rounds of Sentinel Surveillance (1998-2004)Tahziba Hussain, K. K. Kulshreshtha, V. S. Yadav et al.The data of HIV sentinel surveillance, i.e., National Annual Sentinel Surveillance (NASS) carried out under the aegis of National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) of seven rounds revealed that the prevalence of HIV infection is less among the attendees of STD, Obs. & Gyn., Antenatal ( ANC) clinics whereas that of Syphilis is high. This study was carried in order to … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2006 · 7,061 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractComparative Evaluation of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Antigen for Sero-diagnosis of VL and PKDL Cases by DATSanjiva Bimal, Shubhankar K. Singh, P. K. Sinha et al.The efficacy of aqueous and freeze dried (FD) antigen was evaluated by direct agglutination test (DAT) for sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. A total of 16 samples collected from 5 confirmed Kala-azar (KA) cases, 6 cases 2 each of filariasis, malaria, leprosy and 5 non-endemic healthy subjects were used in determination of cut off titre of both the antigens in DAT. … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2005 · 6,834 accessesView PDFCite