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101 results for “C*-Algebra”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractWhy College or University Students Hate Proofs in Mathematics?Mbaïtiga ZacharieProblem Statement: A proof is a notoriously difficult mathematical concept for students. Empirical studies have shown that students emerge from proof-oriented courses such as high-school geometry, introduction to proof, complex and abstract algebra unable to construct anything beyond very trivial proofs. Furthermore, most university students do not know what constitutes a proof and cannot determine whether a purported proof is … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,849 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDeciding Whether There is Statistical Independence or Not?Ramzi NasserThe study investigated how students assess statistical independence (SI). A sample of 98 students was available to the researcher. One group was probed on their understanding of statistical independence, a second group was given a proficiency test and a third group was presented a proof for statistical Independence. Interview data from the first two groups exposed student misconception on their … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2007 · 6,818 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Backpropagation Neural Network for Computer Network SecurityKhalil ShihabIn this paper, an efficient and scalable technique for computer network security is presented. On one hand, the decryption scheme and the public key creation used in this work are based on a multi-layer neural network that is trained by backpropagation learning algorithm. On the other hand, the encryption scheme and the private key creation process are based on Boolean … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 2, Issue 9 · 30 Sep 2006 · 19,535 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEOS: Evolutionary Overlay Service in Peer-to-Peer SystemsL. I. Zhijun, Liao MinghongThe peer-to-peer (P2P) systems nowadays can be mainly classified into two categories: structured and structure-less systems based on their overlay organization. The structured systems can achieve determinate efficiency due to their rigorous structure with the cost of losing robustness and vice versa. We provide a semi-structured overlay based on the separation of routing structures and overlay organizations in this paper … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 10 · 31 Oct 2005 · 6,349 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOn Bessel’s Correction: Unbiased Sample Variance, the Bariance, and a Novel Runtime-Optimized EstimatorFelix ReichelBessel’s correction adjusts the denominator in the sample variance formula from n to n – 1 to ensure an unbiased estimator of the population variance. This paper provides rigorous algebraic derivations to reinforce the necessity of this correction. It further introduces the concept of Bariance, an alternative dispersion measure based on average pairwise squared differences that avoids reliance on the … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 21, Issue 1 · 29 Jan 2026 · 2,994 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractq-Deformed Statistics from Position-Dependent Mass Schrödinger EquationaJesus Morales Rivas, Jose Juan Peña Gil, J. García RaveloAn algebraic approach is used to obtain the canonical form of the position-dependent mass Schrödinger equation from where a couple of canonical quantum variables, the q-deformed operators for the position xq, and the hermitian linear momentum operator pq are derived. In this q-deformed coordinate space, the commutator remains invariant namely [xq, pq] = iħ. By taking advantage of these q-deformed … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 19, Issue 1 · 15 Sep 2023 · 5,191 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEfficient Decoding Algorithm for Binary Quadratic Residue Codes Using Reduced Permutation SetsHamza Boualame, Mostafa Belkasmi, Idriss ChanaThe Quadratic Residue (QR) codes have a rich mathematic structure. Unfortunately, their Algebraic Decoding (AD) is not generalizable for all QR codes. In this study, an efficient hard decoding algorithm is proposed to generalize the decoding of the binary systematic Quadratic Residue (QR) codes. The proposed decoder corrects t erroneous bits or less, in the received word, based on a … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 19, Issue 4 · 3 Apr 2023 · 6,015 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPitch Control of a Rocket with a Novel LQG/LTR Control AlgorithmAliyu Bhar Kisabo, Aliyu Funmilayo Adebimpe, Sholiyi Olusegun SamuelThis paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a novel LQG and LQG/LTR control algorithm for the pitch angle of a sounding rocket. These improved LQG and LQG/LTR control algorithms stem from the fact that a Riccati Differential Equation (RDE) rather than the popular Algebraic Riccati Equation (ARE) is used to obtaining the Kalman gain in the observer of … …Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 12 Mar 2019 · 7,366 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDynamic Control Allocation through Kalman FilteringGianfranco Morani, Francesco Nebula, Federico Corraro, Marco AriolaControl Allocation (CA) in aviation is the problem of distributing the commands among the available actuation means, in order to ensure the achievements of the moments requested by the flight control laws. CA plays a key role in fault-tolerant control systems since it gives robust performances and stability also in presence of faults to one or more aircraft actuators. In … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 12, Issue 1 · 12 Feb 2019 · 8,837 accessesView PDFCite