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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRegionalism and Its Effects on Iranian Agricultural Exports: The Case of Economic Cooperation OrganizationMandana Toosi, Reza Moghaddasi, Saeed Yazdani, Majid AhmadianProblem statement: World economy has become increasingly integrated. There is an underlying assumption that integration into the world economy provides more opportunities for trade. The evidence shows that integration at the regional levels can help developing countries to prepare for the international economic integration. It will be important to outline and analyze past efforts at regional integration (regionalism) to have … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 7 · 31 Jul 2009 · 6,928 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEnhanced Survival and Nodule Occupancy of Pigeon pea Nodulating Rhizobium sp. ST1 expressing fegA Gene of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61A152Falguni R. Joshi, Dhwani K. Desai, G. Archana, Anjana J. DesaiProblem statement: Rhizobial isolates belonging to genera (Rhizobium sp. and Mesorhizobium sp.) in our laboratory produced only catecholate type of siderophores. Although FhuA and FegA (ferrichrome receptors) homologs were found to be present in the sequenced genomes of few rhizobia (e.g., 1 in R. etli and 2 in Mesorhizobium sp. BNC1), laboratory isolates of the corresponding genera failed to utilize … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,870 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImproving the Accuracy of Effort Estimation through Fuzzy Set Representation of SizeCh. Satyananda Reddy, KVSVN RajuProblem statement: The precision and reliability of the effort estimation is very important for the competitiveness of software companies. The uncertainty at the input level of the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) yields uncertainty at the output, which leads to gross estimation error in the effort estimation. Fuzzy logic-based cost estimation models are more appropriate when vague and imprecise information was … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 5, Issue 6 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,092 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSuitability Evaluation of Groundwater for Irrigation, Drinking and Industrial PurposesM. A. Hakim, A. S. Juraimi, M. Begum et al.Problem statement: Groundwater is an important source of freshwater for agricultural, drinking and domestic uses in many regions of the world including Bangladesh. Demand of groundwater has been increasing day by day for irrigation by bringing more area under cultivation. As a drinking water the bottled water market currently has an average annual growth rate of 7.4% between 2002 and … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Jun 2009 · 8,646 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInvestigating the Effect of Three Nitrate Fertilizers on Nitrate Leaching under the Root Zone in Clay Loam SoilThamer Ahmed Mohammed, M. Nooshin, Megat Johari Megat Mohd. Noor, A. LiaghatProblem statements: Nitrogen fertilizer is recognized as an important factor in crop’s yield level, however more application of N fertilizers in the soil have some adverse effects on environment and especially on groundwater contamination. Perception and recognition the factors influencing nitrate transport through soil profile is helpful for fertilizer management to minimize adverse impacts on environment and nitrate leaching below … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,065 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractComparative Study of Changing Drainage Basin System with Tectonic Forms, Case Study: Lut Block, IranEbrahim MoghimiThe study area locates in the east of Iran and it is morphologic block (unit). Problem statement: Sharp contrasts in the appearances of landscapes such as drainage basins with litology (kind of rock), tectonic regime, folding and climatic effect had been inspired geomorphologies in the past and now to devise schemes to explain those contrasts. These contrasts also remained and … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 6 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,274 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractFraming Contests in Environmental Decision-making: A Case Study of the Tar Creek (Oklahoma) Superfund SiteShirley G. Vincent, Thomas E. ShriverProblem statement: Stakeholder involvement processes have become an important component of environmental decision-making. This study investigated the role that stakeholders operating outside of official stakeholder processes may play in influencing the policy environment. An improved understanding of the public and political influences on environmental policy decisions contributes to the development of more effective and legitimate policies. Approach: We utilized frame … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Apr 2009 · 7,251 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractReview on Landfill Leachate TreatmentsAbdulhussain A. Abbas, Guo Jingsong, Liu Zhi Ping et al.Problem Statement: Sanitary landfilling is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes. An important problem associated to landfills is the production of leachates. This study is a review of landfill leachate treatments. Approach: The advantages and disadvantages of the various existing leachate treatments discussed under the items: (i) Leachate channeling (combined treatment with domestic sewage, recycling) (ii) Biological … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2009 · 13,764 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractReliability-Based Earthquake Design of Jacket-Type Offshore Platforms Considering Pile-Soil-Structure InteractionBehrouz Asgarian, Hossein AgheshluiThere are plenty of uncertainties in environmental condition of ocean and also in platform element capacities. Reliability-based method could consider these uncertainties. A reliability-based earthquake design method was used to determine the earthquake LRFD parameters for two conventional, steel, pile-supported (template-type) offshore platforms located in the Persian Gulf. The pile-soil-structure interaction, the buckling and postbuckling behavior of the braces were … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2009 · 7,513 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractWhy College or University Students Hate Proofs in Mathematics?Mbaïtiga ZacharieProblem Statement: A proof is a notoriously difficult mathematical concept for students. Empirical studies have shown that students emerge from proof-oriented courses such as high-school geometry, introduction to proof, complex and abstract algebra unable to construct anything beyond very trivial proofs. Furthermore, most university students do not know what constitutes a proof and cannot determine whether a purported proof is … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,853 accessesView PDFCite