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EditorialOpen accessIn the abstractVisceral Pain: Basic Research Concepts and Therapeutic InterventionsVictor V. ChabanThe accumulation of nociceptive diseases that limit normal body functions is a major risk factor for a disability, and visceral pain is one of the most prevalent human health problems. Additionally, many pain-associated diseases are accompanied by the concomitant decline in cognitive and motor performance. The complex interplay and balance between diverse signal transduction mediators, genetic background and environmental factors … …International Journal of Research in Nursing, Vol. 6, Issue 2 · 26 Aug 2015 · 7,148 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Potential of VipAlbumin® to Chronic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Balb/C Mice ModelDinia Rizqi Dwijayanti, M. Sasmito Djati, Mansur Ibrahim, Muhaimin Rifa’iDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of diseases which have increasing number of sufferers every year. Almost all DM patients are type 2 DM. One of the causes of type 2 DM is a chronic inflammation due to an increase of circulating proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. VipAlbumin® from snakehead fish extract is expected to be useful as … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 11, Issue 2 · 13 Jul 2015 · 7,612 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInhibition of Interleukin-6 Expression by Curcumin in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Explants In VitroYanti, Stephanie, Yuliani et al.In atherosclerotic plaques, infectious agents from microbes may release Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat shock proteins that can stimulate the production of mediators, i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines, by vascular endothelial cells and Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs). The elevated level of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is strongly associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated whether curcumin isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 4 · 15 Dec 2014 · 6,774 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAdaptation to High Grain Diets Proceeds Through Minimal Immune System Stimulation and Differences in Extracellular Matrix Protein Expression in A Model of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Non-lactating Dairy CowsB. W. McBride, O. AlZahal, M. A. Steele, L. DionissopoulosProblem statement: Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disorder affecting approximately 20% of all dairy cattle in North America. Although the presence of SARA has been described for some time, the etiology of the disorder remains uncertain. For example, many animals diagnosed with SARA seem to remodel and adapt their epithelium to accommodate the stresses imposed by SARA, but … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 2 · 25 Jul 2012 · 8,118 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMaternal Infection and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the OffspringHeping ZhouProblem statement: Neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism have been attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Whether and how maternal infection as an environmental factor contributes to the development of neurological abnormalities in the offspring remains to be clearly defined. Approach: The literature was reviewed to examine the relationship between maternal infection and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 1 · 12 Mar 2012 · 8,150 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUnique Characteristic Features of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Relation to Immune SystemRajni, Laxman S. MeenaProblem statement: Tuberculosis is a leading global mortality factor which has not been effectively controlled, with 1.7 million deaths per year and 8.9 million new cases. Aerobic microbe Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Approach: It is unique among prokaryotes due to its exceptional features contributing to its survival within the hostile environment of macrophages. Results: … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 16 Aug 2011 · 17,211 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMolecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases Induced by Human Retroviruses: A ReviewBryan P. Irish, Zafar K. Khan, Pooja Jain et al.Problem statement: Infection with retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) have been shown to lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or neuroAIDS and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP), respectively. Approach: HIV-1-induced neurologic disease is associated with an influx of HIV-infected monocytic cells across the blood-brain … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 14,888 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBridging from Cells to Cognition in Autism Pathophysiology: Biological Pathways to Defective Brain Function and PlasticityMatthew P. Anderson, Brian S. Hooker, Martha R. HerbertWe review evidence to support a model where the disease process underlying autism may begin when an in utero or early postnatal environmental, infectious, seizure, or autoimmune insult triggers an immune response that increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the brain that leads to DNA damage (nuclear and mitochondrial) and metabolic enzyme blockade and that these inflammatory and oxidative … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2008 · 17,455 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInduction of the Chemokines CCL3α, CCL3α and CCL5 in Atherosclerotic PatientsAlyaa Mousa, Amani Al-Zaki, Safa Taha, Moiz BakhietChemokines recruit immune cells to inflammatory sites and promote the process of inflammation. The role of these mediators in the disease process in atherosclerosis is not fully studied. The spontaneous mRNA expression and intracellular protein production of the potential inflammatory chemokines CCL3α and CCL3β (macrophage- inflammatory protein-1α and β; CCR3α/β ligand) and CCL5 (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 31 Dec 2007 · 6,952 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMolecular Mechanisms for Altered Glucose Homeostasis in HIV InfectionPaula W. HruzA complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to HIV-associated insulin resistance remains elusive. Complex interrelationships between genetic predisposition, disease-related body changes and multidrug therapy all contribute to alterations in glucose homeostasis. These abnormalities can be differentiated between acute and reversible changes directly induced by HAART medications and more chronic and less reversible changes due to the development of lipodystrophy … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2006 · 6,877 accessesView PDFCite