48 results for “Brain Tissue”

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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImpact of L-Carnitine and Cinnamon on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Heart and Brain of Insulin Resistant RatsMona A. MohamedProblem statement: Evaluate the effects of daily administration of L-carnitine and cinnamon extract for two weeks on the expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) genes in cardiac and brain tissues of rats with Insulin Resistance (IR). Approach: Rats were divided into 4 groups (8 animals each): Group (1) rats fed control diet (60% starch) … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2010 · 8,740 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractQuercetin Liposomes via Nasal Administration Reduce Anxiety and Depression-Like Behaviors and Enhance Cognitive Performances in RatsTerdthai Tong-Un, Panakaporn Wannanon, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, Wathita PhachonpaiProblem statement: At present, the prevalence of neuropsychological disorders particularly anxiety, depression and dementia are increase. Many strategies have been developed in order to increase the efficiency of treatment and decrease side effects. Oxidative stress has been reported to play an important role on various path physiological states. Quercetin is a flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables. It has … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2010 · 9,034 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractProduction and Roles of Glial Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Associated Dementia Neuroinflammation: A ReviewC. Chao, A. GhorpadeProblem statement: Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and its cognate targets, the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), were differentially expressed in human brain samples with or without HIV-1 infection or HIV-1 Encephalitis (HIVE). Approach: A through literature review demonstrated that cell culture models of Central Nervous System (CNS) cell types had been used to illustrate the intricate temporal patterns of TIMP-1/MMP expression, … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 6,953 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOxidative Stress in Autism: Elevated Cerebellar 3-nitrotyrosine LevelsElizabeth M. Sajdel-Sulkowska, Boguslaw Lipinski, Herb Windom et al.It has been suggested that oxidative stress and/or mercury compounds play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. This study compared for the first time the cerebellar levels of the oxidative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), mercury (Hg) and the antioxidant selenium (Se) levels between control and autistic subjects. Tissue homogenates were prepared in the presence of protease inhibitors from … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2008 · 17,119 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Autistic Phenotype Exhibits a Remarkably Localized Modification of Brain Protein by Products of Free Radical-Induced Lipid OxidationTeresa A. Evans, Sandra L. Siedlak, Liang Lu et al.Oxidative damage has been documented in the peripheral tissues of autism patients. In this study, we sought evidence of oxidative injury in autistic brain. Carboxyethyl pyrrole (CEP) and iso[4]levuglandin (iso[4]LG)E2-protein adducts, that are uniquely generated through peroxidation of docosahexaenoate and arachidonate-containing lipids respectively, and heme oxygenase-1 were detected immunocytochemically in cortical brain tissues and by ELISA in blood plasma. Significant … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2008 · 8,724 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNeuroprotection Afforded by GABA Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury in Rat Cortical Brain Slices: An Hormetic Dose-Response EffectLorenzo Ricci, Massimo Valoti, Giampietro Sgaragli, Maria FrosiniThe aim of the present investigation was to assess neuroprotection exerted by GABA (100 nM-100 mM) in rat cortical brain slices subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Neuronal injury and neuroprotection were assessed by measuring the release of glutamate and lactate dehydrogenase and tissue water content. Results demonstrate that GABA exerted neuroprotective effects according to a U-shaped, hormetic-like, concentration-response curve, … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 7,166 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAn Improved Implementation of Brain Tumor Detection Using Segmentation Based on Neuro Fuzzy TechniqueS. Murugavalli, V. RajamaniImplementation of a neuro-fuzzy segmentation process of the MRI data is presented in this study to detect various tissues like white matter, gray matter, csf and tumor. The advantage of hierarchical self organizing map and fuzzy c means algorithms are used to classify the image layer by layer. The lowest level weight vector is achieved by the abstraction level. We … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 3, Issue 11 · 30 Nov 2007 · 7,107 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCorrelation Between MMP-3, TIMP-3 Expression and Neuronal Apoptosis After Ischemia -Reperfusion Injury in RatesZi Xiaohong, Mutasem Abuhamed, Yuan Yi et al.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a central role in many biological processes, such as embryogenesis, normal tissue remodeling, wound healing, and angiogenesis. How MMP3, TIMP3 expression and neuronal apoptosis (Fas, Fas-L and Bcl) may provide detrimental or beneficial actions during the injury and repair processes after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rates was studied. Adult rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 30 Nov 2007 · 7,175 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Biomechanical Composite Model to Determine Effective Elastic Moduli of the CNS Gray MatterMehdi Khoshgoftar, Siamak Najarian, Farhad Farmanzad et al.Brain tissue is a heterogeneous material with complicated microstructural features. Models based on microstructure can lead to more accurate and physically realistic predictions of mechanical characteristics of brain tissue. A two-step Mori-Tanaka/Voigt homogenization procedure is implemented into a 3D microstructurally-based multi-phase composite model, composed of randomly-oriented elastic axons, dendrites and neuronal cell bodies surrounded by an elastic matrix. The effects … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 11 · 30 Nov 2007 · 7,775 accessesView PDF Cite

Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCholesterol Metabolism in Brain and Skin Fibroblasts from Sarda Breed Sheep With Scrapie-resistant and Scrapie-susceptible GenotypesAlessandra Pani, Claudia Abete, Claudia Norfo et al.Scrapie is a fatal spongiform encephalopathy of sheep, a transmissible form of prion disease caused by neuronal accumulation of the aberrantly conformed prion protein (PrPsc). Currently, no ante-mortem diagnostic tests are available to detect this untreatable disease in the pre-clinical stage, thus making difficult to control its spread. Recent evidence suggests that the production of PrPsc can be modulated by … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2007 · 7,257 accessesView PDF Cite