Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHIV-1 Infection and Drug-Abuse in India-An Emerging ChallengeMahendra Kumar, Adarsh M. Kumar, Raymond Ownby et al.India has a population of over 1 billion and the first cases of HIV-1 infection were reported from there in 1987. Since then HIV-infection has spread there very aggressively and at present it is reported that there may be 5.7 millions individuals infected with HIV. Unlike the western countries where the infected HIV-1 virus belongs to clade B, in India … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2007 · 7,395 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHIV-1 Infection and Central Monoamine NeurotransmittersAdarsh M. Kumar, J. B. Fernandez, Irina Borodowsky et al.Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enters the central nervous system (CNS) shortly after infection and gets localized in different brain regions, leading to various types of neuropathological problems. It has been hypothesized that HIV-1 infection mediated neuropathogenesis may also adversely affect the activity of the central monoamine neurotransmitters systems, such as dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), resulting in … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2007 · 7,491 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractConsequence on Treatment of TB Patients Affected by HIV/AIDS A Conceptual ResearchSarder N. Uddin, S. J. Hossain, Md. N. Huda et al.Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an ancient malady, which is one of the world’s most wide spread infectious bacterial agents. Fully one-third of the world’s population is already infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the greatest burden of disease and infection borne by people in developing countries. Tuberculosis disease is still out of control. Alarming spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and emergence … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2006 · 7,017 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRole of HIV-1 Infection in Addictive Behavior: A Study of a HIV-1 Transgenic Rat ModelSulie L. Chang, Michael VigoritoEpidemiological research indicates that drug abuse is prevalent among individuals infected with HIV-1. Evidence from preclinical research also suggests that drugs of abuse exacerbate the progression of neuropathological changes in the HIV-1 infected brain probably through common mechanisms of neuronal injury. The effects of HIV-1 on the efficacy and abuse potential of controlled drugs such as morphine, however, has not … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 7,630 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCortisol Response Mediates HIV-1-Related Cognitive Deficits Among Injecting Drug AbusersRaymond L. Ownby, Drenna Waldrop-Valverde, Adarsh M. Kumar et al.The cortisol response is an important measure of the endocrine activity to environmental challenges and has been related to cognitive function and mood. Previous studies have shown that the cortisol response to stress is dysregulated in persons with HIV-1 infection. Since cortisol is neurotoxic and its levels have been related to cognitive dysfunction in various disorders, it is possible that … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,759 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNeuropsychological Dysfunction among HIV Infected Drug AbusersRamani S. Durvasula, Charles H. HinkinHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented to cause direct and indirect central nervous system dysfunction that can be observed as a progressive decline in neuropsychological functioning in a large proportion of persons with HIV and AIDS. Neuropsychological decline in individuals with HIV is characterized by cognitive and motor slowing, attentional deficits, executive dysfunction and memory impairment (characterized by intact … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 7,155 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Changing Pathology of NeuroAIDS Associated with Drug Abuse in the Era of HAARTE Bell Jeanne, C. Anthony Iain, Simmonds PeterCompliance with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) arrests HIV induced immune collapse and reduces the prevalence of severe central nervous system (CNS) complications, including HIV associated dementia and encephalitis. However minor cognitive disorders remain common and recent autopsy studies have demonstrated the presence of subtle neuropathological abnormalities in HAART treated individuals, including persistent neuroinflammation and enhanced deposition in the brain … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,872 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractForensic Considerations of HIV Infected and Those at RiskB. R. Sharma, Sumedha BangarWhile HIV infection is considered protected information in most parts of the world, it is clear that if a health care provider knows, that the patient is infected or is likely to be infected, then either the patient or those responsible for making their medical decisions must be informed of the infection or likelihood of infection. If not, the liability … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2005 · 6,450 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEpidemiological Models Applied to Viruses in Computer NetworksJos R.S. Piqueira, Betyna F. Navarro, Luiz H.A. MonteiroTo investigate the use of classical epidemiological models for studying computer virus propagation we described analogies between computer and population disease propagation using SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) epidemiological models. By modifying these models with the introduction of anti-viral individuals we analyzed the stability of the disease free equilibrium points. Consequently, the basal virus reproduction rate gives some theoretical hints about how to … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 7,574 accessesView PDFCite