Research ArticleOpen accessIn the author namesEmpowering Small Language Models With Chain of Thought and Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning for Efficient Deep ReasoningAryan Raina, Shiwani Gupta, Jagruti Jadhav et al.Small Language Models (SLMs) run faster and fit on modest hardware, yet solving multi-step logic problems has traditionally been difficult for them. This work investigates a systematic, multi-model framework that combines Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) parameter-efficient fine-tuning, and measures the contribution of each component independently. We evaluate three SLMs (TinyLlama-1.1B, Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct, and Qwen2.5-1.5B) using 1,164 training samples … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 8 · 8 Sep 2026 · 869 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the author namesHybrid CNN-Based Transformer Pipeline With Radiomic Fusion for Multi-Class Lung Cancer DetectionAanchal Vij, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Anand NayyarEarly detection of lung cancer remains challenging due to high intra-class variation and inter-class similarity in Computed Tomography (CT) images. In this paper, we propose a hybrid deep learning model that combines convolutional, attention-based, and transformer-guided representations to address these challenges in multi-class lung cancer classification. For deep feature extraction, we use the EfficientNetV2-S architecture augmented with a Convolutional Block … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 6 · 3 Jun 2026 · 1,537 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the author namesIntegrating Higher-Order Thinking Skills, Cognitive Load Theory, and Metacognition in Algebraic Problem-SolvingGurudeo Anand TularamThis study synthesizes 30 years of research (1990–2020) on algebraic problem-solving, integrating Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), and metacognitive strategies to enhance student outcomes. Utilizing a critical synthesis approach with data from student interviews, problem-solving observations, and longitudinal tracking, the analysis reveals consistent patterns across diverse educational contexts despite limitations and variable factors like teaching styles and … …Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 1 · 21 Apr 2026 · 2,025 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the author namesMachine Learning Advancements for Lung Cancer Detection: An In-Depth Review and Future ProspectsAanchal Vij, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Anand NayyarLung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality globally, underscoring the necessity for efficient diagnostic instruments. The review paper summarizes the role of ML and DL in detection, staging, and prognostication of lung cancer. We evaluate the relative efficacy of several models, such as CNNs, SVMs, and ensemble approaches, by analyzing publically accessible imaging and molecular information. We emphasize … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 1 · 1 Mar 2026 · 1,799 accessesView PDFCite