Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNew Proposed Second-Order ASDM Using OTAsFarouq M. Al TaweelIn this work, we present a new proposal for the second-order Adaptive Sigma Delta Modulation (ASDM). The new proposed Adaptation scheme is based on using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTAs) as an Integrator and as an Amplifier to adapt the quantizer step-size to control the voltage gain by feedback the quantizer output through adaptation scheme. The step-size is changing up or … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2006 · 6,950 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEmpowering Small Language Models With Chain of Thought and Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning for Efficient Deep ReasoningAryan Raina, Shiwani Gupta, Jagruti Jadhav et al.Small Language Models (SLMs) run faster and fit on modest hardware, yet solving multi-step logic problems has traditionally been difficult for them. This work investigates a systematic, multi-model framework that combines Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) parameter-efficient fine-tuning, and measures the contribution of each component independently. We evaluate three SLMs (TinyLlama-1.1B, Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct, and Qwen2.5-1.5B) using 1,164 training samples … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 8 · 8 Sep 2026 · 862 accessesView PDFCite