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192 articles for “Effective Cost (EC)”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSomatic Embryogenesis of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) from Bud Explants Using Suspension CultureNurul Huda Panggabean, Isnaini Nurwahyuni et al.The propagation of oil palm seeds through tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis is a preferred method due to its ability to produce entire plants without the need for gamete fusion. While somatic embryo proliferation is typically performed on solid media, this approach is less efficient than liquid media, which is both more cost-effective and can lead to better proliferation results. … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 2 · 4 May 2023 · 5,863 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSoftware Development Effort Estimation Using Relational Database and Optimized Learning MechanismRavi Kumar B. N., Yeresime SureshAccurately estimating the cost of software development is crucial for effective project planning and resource allocation. However, traditional cost estimation methods rely heavily on expert judgment and historical data, which can be time consuming and prone to errors. This study suggests a learning-based cost estimation model that leverages relational databases to improve accuracy. The proposed approach estimates project cost based … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 19, Issue 4 · 7 Apr 2023 · 6,313 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRoboBrew: The Fully Autonomous Coffee MachineAnthony Achkar, Maroun Hannoun, Rita Younes et al.Robotics has emerged in several domains in the current century. However, in the restoration field, mainly in coffee shops, applications are still limited. Therefore, RoboBrew presents a groundbreaking fully automated system poised to transform the restaurant and coffee industries into a new era. At its core, RoboBrew features an advanced coffee maker system designed to deliver exceptional performance. This system … …Journal of Mechatronics and Robotics, Vol. 8, Issue 1 · 1 Oct 2024 · 8,515 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractImplementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program During COVID-19 Era: Cost Effectiveness and Mortality RatesSafaa Alkhiami, Anass Qasem, Hussein Mohamed Hussein, Ali AbdallaThe growing spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major problem on a global level that has provoked several health and government organizations to call for action to counteract the problem. The frequent misuse of antibiotics is prevalent within hospital settings, especially during the COVID-19 era. The introduction of antibiotic stewardship initiatives has demonstrated the capability to decrease both unwarranted antibiotic … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 19, Issue 4 · 30 Jan 2024 · 6,287 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSCUTMA: Selecting Components for Unit Testing in Mobile ApplicationsJosias Gomes, Isabel K. Villanes, Silvia M. Ascate et al.Context The source code of a mobile application has several components (i.e., code units) and they have a cost (e.g., test creation and execution) and benefit (e.g., find bug) value for performing unit testing. Problem Choosing in which components unit tests should be done, in order to increase the benefit (effectiveness) and decrease the cost of this activity. Proposal This … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 16, Issue 10 · 15 Oct 2020 · 7,015 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractTransformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Sustainable Biofuels: Major Challenges and Bioprocessing TechnologiesTahira Naz, Yusuf Nazir, Abu Bakr Ahmad Fazili et al.Commercial-scale production of biofuels has recently been intensified due to its cost-effectiveness, sustainability, market stability, alternative fuel energy composition and greener output, etc. Lignocellulosic biomass attracted the attention of researchers as a renewable feedstock for fermentative conversion into biofuels because of its high productivity, low agricultural input requirements, being environmentally friendly and no competition with the food crops. The field … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 4 · 1 Aug 2020 · 7,710 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractTime-Driven Activity-Based Costing in the Public Sector. The Case of Greek General Chemical State Laboratory under the Greek CrisisAthanasios Vazakidis, Eleftheria KyriakidouThe international globalized environment and the financial crisis have generated new demands with internals (citizens-users) and externals (creditors) pressuring the governments to control public spending and improve efficiency in the supply of public goods/services. The control of the public sector costs seems more important now, in the context of the financial and fiscal crisis of 2008. Activity Based Costing (ABC) … …Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 16, Issue 1 · 4 Mar 2020 · 7,950 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Effects of Cement Kiln Dust on the Soil Electrical ResistivityHamid Ranjkesh Adarmanabadi, Arezou Rasti, Mehrdad RazaviElectrical resistivity is a non-destructive, cost-effective and sensitive method to evaluate soil's physical and chemical properties. Electrical resistivity has been used widely in surface and subsurface exploration. The electrical resistivity is directly related to the subsurface geotechnical and geothermal properties like porosity, temperature, salinity and water content. Recently uses of waste material as an additive to improve the soil engineering … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 14, Issue 1 · 14 Jan 2021 · 7,272 accessesView PDFCite
Review ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStructural Barriers to the Deployment of AI Foundation ModelsHristo Hristov, Elena Somova, Emil FuchedzhievArtificial Intelligence (AI) foundation models excel at benchmarks but are not always cost-effective or successfully deployed in enterprise systems. This paper analyzes the failures in their deployment through interconnected structural components characterized by: Economic constraints (computational costs, memory, and latency that scale with increasing use of AI model services), cognitive constraints (related to training objectives that optimize plausibility rather than … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 22, Issue 10 · 5 Oct 2026 · 808 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPossibilities of Stabilizing Soil Biological Activity by Treating Seeds With a Biological Preparation Based on Phosphate Mobilizing Bacteria in the Conditions of the Aral Sea Region of KazakhstanZhanar Zhumadilova, Laura Tokhetova, Shorabayev Yerik et al.This study examined the effect of Phosphate-Mobilizing Bacteria (PMB) as a pre-sowing treatment for forage crop seeds. The objective was to assess the potential of these bacterial biopreparations to improve both crop productivity and soil fertility. Research methods included agrochemical, microbiological, and conventional field analyses. The findings revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment with PMB increased crop yields by 7.4% to … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 4 · 24 Sep 2026 · 642 accessesView PDFCite