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312 results for “Bi-Responses”
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Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleLevamisole Enhances Cell-Mediated Immune Responses and Reduces Shedding of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)Tahoora Shomali, Najmeh Mosleh, Arash AlaeddiniProblem statement: Regarding the role of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in reassortment and spreading of avian influenza (AI) viruses and inadequate protection of vaccination in this species, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of levamisole as an immunomodulatory agent on cell-mediated immunity (CMI), antibody responses and shedding of H9N2 AI virus in experimentally infected quails. Approach: On … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 6 Mar 2012 · 7,651 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleOlfactory Responses of the Asiatic Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) to Mineral Oil-Treated Mandarin LeavesMofit Eko Poerwanto, Y. Andi Trisyono, G. Andrew C. Beattie et al.Problem statement: Evidence of rejection or acceptance by phytophagous pests of citrus plants treated with mineral oils suggests that impacts of oils may be related to detection by olfactory and/or contact chemoreceptors of repellent oils or plant volatiles. Alternatively, the oils may mask or suppress attractant host plant volatiles. To date, no studies have reported that oils elicit an olfactory … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 30 Jan 2012 · 8,782 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleSuppression of Salicylic Acid-Mediated Plant Defense Responses During Initial Infection of Dyer's Woad by Puccinia thlaspeosBradley R. Kropp, Elizabeth ThomasProblem statement: Puccinia thlaspeos is a microcyclic rust pathogen that is being investigated as a potential biocontrol agent of the noxious weed, dyer’s woad (Isatis tinctoria). Although, the initial events in the colonization of dyer’s woad by the rust pathogen has been elucidated using scanning electron microscopy and PCR, little is known regarding the susceptibility response of this plant to … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 4 Aug 2011 · 8,033 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleExtension and Prerequisite: An Algorithm to Enable Relations Between Responses in Chatbot TechnologyAbbas Saliimi Lokman, Jasni Mohamad ZainProblem statement: Artificial intelligence chatbot is a technology that makes interactions between man and machines using natural language possible. From literature, we found out that in general, chatbot are functions like a typical search engine. Although chatbot just produced only one output instead of multiple outputs/results, the basic process flow is the same where each time an input is entered, … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 6, Issue 10 · 24 Aug 2010 · 16,993 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleThe Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal DiseaseElham Maroufyan, Azhar Kasim, Seyed Reza Hashemi et al.Problem statement: The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing methionine and threonine higher than the National Research Council (NRC) recommendation in the diets on immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Approach: A total of 450 day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to one of the nine dietary treatments. Three … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2010 · 8,844 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleConcentration and Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Derivatives Determine the Induction of Defense Responses in Roots and Leaves of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) PlantsAlejandro B. Falcón-Rodríguez, Juan C. Cabrera, Eduardo Ortega, Miguel Ángel Martínez-TéllezProblem statement: The chitosan derivatives promote diverse defensive responses in plants, which are affected by chitosan chemical features and concentration. Glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6), Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.6) are key enzymes in tobacco defense responses. Thus, the aim of this study was to know the behavior of their enzymatic activity in leaves and roots of … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 9,263 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleChilling Injury in Mamey Sapote Fruit (Pouteria sapota): Biochemical and Physiological ResponsesGuillermo O. Pérez-Tello, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez, Irasema Vargas-Arispuro, Gustavo A. González-AguilarProblem statement: Cold storage is needed in order to delay senescence and achieve a longer commercial life of tropical fruits like mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota), therefore, the physiological and biochemical responses of this fruit to cold storage were evaluated. Approach: Samples from different storage temperature (20, 10 and 2°C) were taken at five-day intervals and Chilling Injury Index (CII), decay … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 9,162 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titlePlasma Catecholamines, Sweat Electrolytes and Physiological Responses of Exercised Normal, Partial Anhidrotic and Anhidrotic HorsesA. Bashir, A. RasedeeProblem statement: Malaysia imports horses from temperate countries to develop equine sports in the country. Several of these horses developed partial and complete anhidrosis. Approach: Normal, partial anhidrotic and anhidrotic horses were exercised to determine their sweating and physiological responses to exercise. The heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature and blood samples were obtained before the horses were lunged at … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,249 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titlePhysical and Biological Responses of Forests to Tropical Cyclones Affecting the United States Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico CoastsKrista Merry, Pete Bettinger, Jeffrey HepinstallProblem Statement: Natural resources within the southern United States have repeatedly been subjected to the impact of tropical cyclones. While the frequency of tropical cyclones hitting either coast varies from year to year, it is crucial for natural resource managers and land owners to be prepared for the damage resulting from such storms. The goal of this review paper is … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 28 Feb 2009 · 7,937 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessEvery word in the titleBehavioral, Physiological and Biochemical Hormetic Responses to the Autoxidizable Dye Methylene BlueAleksandra K. Bruchey, F. Gonzalez-LimaThe goals of this review were to identify methylene blue (MB) as a compound that follows hormetic behavior for a wide range of effects and to address the question of what is unique about MB that could account for its wide applicability and hormetic behavior as a drug. The MB hormetic doseresponse relationship is exemplified by an increase in various … …American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 3, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2008 · 15,044 accessesView PDFCite