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305 articles for “Probability”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractResponse of Root Properties to Tripartite Symbiosis between Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), Rhizobia and Mycorrhiza Under Dry Organic Farming ConditionsM. R. Ardakani, G. Pietsch, A. Moghaddam et al.Problem statement: It is generally considered that root turnover is a major contributor to organic matter and mineral nutrient cycles in organic managed agroecosystems. Approach: This study designed to investigate whether microbial activity could affect on root properties of Lucerne in an organically managed field under dry weather conditions. The trial was laid out as a factorial experiment in the … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 8,504 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEvolutionary Algorithm DefinitionNada M.A. AL-SalamiProblem statement: Most resent evolutionary algorithms work under weak theoretical basis and thus, they are computationally expensive. Approach: This study discussed the use of new evolutionary algorithm for automatic programming, based on theoretical definitions of program behaviors. Evolutionary process adapted fixed and self-organized input-output specification of the problem, to evolve good finite state machine that efficiently satisfies these specifications. Results: … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 10 Dec 2009 · 7,751 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractConsumer Satisfaction with Public Health Care in ChinaLinghui Jiang, Christopher Gan, Betty Kao et al.Problem statement: Consumer satisfaction is regarded as one of the ultimate goals that all health system should strive for (Hsiao, 2003), it reflects the effectiveness of the health system in consumers’ prospect. Yet public health care services in developing countries including Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) have failed to achieve adequate level of services. China, for example, satisfaction of public health … …Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2009 · 8,244 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIntegrated Metric-Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector: A Routing Protocol over Wireless Mesh NetworksMd. Arafatur Rahman, Farhat Anwar, Md. Saiful AzadProblem statement: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) is an emerging technology for wireless environment. Since WMNs are permanent or semi-permanent network, an efficient and reliable path establishment is the core concern for such type of networks. Several performance metrics has been designed for WMNs such as Expected Transmission Count (ETX), Expected Transmission Time (ETT), interference Aware Routing Metric (iAWARE), Link Type … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 5, Issue 7 · 31 Jul 2009 · 7,493 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractResistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins and Other Antibiotics by Enterobacteriaceae in Western NigeriaA. O. Okesola, O. MakanjuolaProblem statement: The emergence and spread of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins are threatening to create species resistant to all currently available agents. The most common cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production of beta-lactamases and many of the 2nd and 3rd-generation penicillins and cephalosporins were specifically designed to resist the hydrolytic action of major β-lactamases. However new … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,007 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractLiquefaction Susceptibility in the Northern Provinces of ThailandSupot Teachavorasinskun, Pichai Pattararattanakul, Pulpong PongvithayapranuProblem statement: There are quite a few active faults recently found in the western and northern parts of Thailand, which could possibly induce earthquakes of magnitude (ML) of 5.5-6.5. Although seismic design code has been enforced in the area since 1980, the fundamental knowledge on dynamic soil behavior has not been extensively attained. Approach: Collection of existing borehole information in … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,331 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOptimal Bidding Strategies for Generation Companies in a Day-Ahead Electricity Market with Risk Management Taken into AccountAzmi Saleh, Takao Tsuji, Tsutomu OyamaProblem statement: In a competitive electricity market with limited number of producers, Generation Companies (Gencos) is facing an oligopoly market rather than a perfect competition. Under oligopoly market environment, each Genco may increase its own profit through a favorable bidding strategy. The objective of a Genco is to maximize its profit and minimize the associated risk. In order to achieve … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,233 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Fixed Point Theorems in L-Fuzzy Quasi-Metric SpacesReza Saadati, S. Mansour VaezpourAt first we considered the L-fuzzy metric space notation which is useful in modeling some phenomena where it is necessary to study the relationship between two probability functions as well observed in Gregori et al. [A note on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 2006; 28: 902-905]. Then we introduced the concept of fixed point theorem in L-fuzzy … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2009 · 7,403 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEstimation of the Mean of Truncated Exponential DistributionFaris Muslim Al-AthariProblem statement: In this study, the researcher considers the problem of estimation of the mean of the truncated exponential distribution. Approach: This study contracted with maximum likelihood and unique minimum variance unbiased estimators and gives a modification for the maximum likelihood estimator, asymptotic variances and asymptotic confidence intervals for the estimators. The properties of these estimators in small, moderate and … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2008 · 7,675 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractVirtual Mobility to Improve Cooperation in Mobile Ad hoc NetworksA. Baaziz, S. PierreWe study the impact of mobility on the level of cooperation between mobile nodes in a mobile ad hoc network. In a mobile ad hoc network, if the nodes are static or have a reduced mobility and if some nodes adopt a selfish behaviour, the performance of the network is affected. This is because the same nodes that are relaying … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 4, Issue 12 · 31 Dec 2008 · 6,955 accessesView PDFCite