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263 articles for “head”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMPLS over Segmented WDM Optical Packet Switching NetworksHakim Mellah, Fouad M. AbbouWavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a promising solution for data transport in future all-optical wide area networks. Such networks consist of fibers joined by dynamically controllable cross-connects which provide purely optical transport between pairs of network access stations. Optical packet switching (OPS) is optical switching with the finest granularity. Incoming packets are switched all-optically without being converted to electrical signal. … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 2, Issue 5 · 31 May 2006 · 6,750 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSearching of Main Cause Leading to Severe Influenza A Virus Mutations and Consequently to Influenza Pandemics/EpidemicsGuang Wu, Shaomin YanThe unpredictable mutations in the proteins from influenza A virus lead to the great difficulty in prevention of possible outbreak of bird flu and pandemic/epidemic of influenza. This unpredictability is due to the fact that we know little about the causes that lead to the mutations. In three of our recent studies on the hemagglutinins from influenza A virus, we … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2005 · 9,970 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBotulinum Toxin as a Novel Addition to Anti-Arthritis ArmamentariumHamid Namazi, Zahra MajdOsteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and is among the most frequent health problems for middle aged and older people. There is strong evidence that proinflammatory cytokines contribute to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Interleukin-1 is the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of cartilage matrix degeneration. Results from studies in animal models provide stronger evidence implicating a role … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2005 · 6,775 accessesView PDFCite