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292 results for “Constraint”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPriority and Random Selection for Dynamic Window Secured Implicit Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor NetworkZurina Mohd Hanapi, Mahmod Ismail, Kasmiran JumariProblem statement: Sensor nodes are easily exposed to many attacks since it were deployed in unattended adversarial environment with no global addressing and used for critical applications such as battlefield surveillance and emergency response. While the sensor also needs to act as a router to relay a message to a required recipient, then this increased the vulnerabilities to a network … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2009 · 7,656 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAn Approach to Modeling Software Safety in Safety-Critical SystemsBen Swarup Medikonda, Seetha Ramaiah PanchumarthySoftware for safety-critical systems has to deal with the hazards identified by safety analysis in order to make the system safe, risk-free and fail-safe. Software safety is a composite of many factors. Problem statement: Existing software quality models like McCall’s and Boehm’s and ISO 9126 were inadequate in addressing the software safety issues of real time safety-critical embedded systems. At … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2009 · 7,737 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractCementation Analysis by Eddy Current MethodM. Zergoug, H. Oubouchou, N. AmimeurIncrease the hardness, the endurance and the life time of material can be realised by surface treatments and remetallings, the electromagnetic properties of steels depend on their composition, their microstructures and constraints applied. We can use the electric and magnetic parameters to evaluate their microstructure. The object of this work is the characterization of cementation by the non-destructive methods and … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2009 · 7,569 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOptimal Bidding Strategies for a Small Generation Company in a Day-Ahead Electricity Market with Bilateral Contracts Taken into AccountAzmi Saleh, Takao Tsuji, Tsutomu OyamaProblem Statement: Deregulation power systems have been force to change their structures, from vertically integrated to open market systems. Each generation company (Genco) is required to compete with rivals through bidding in a pool market and making a bilateral contract with a distribution company (Disco) or consumers to maximize its own profits. A unit commitment becomes responsible for each Genco … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 7,712 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHeating Effects on Structural and Electrical Properties of PolyetherimideNissaf Mzabi, Hichem Smaoui, Hajer Guermazi et al.Problem statement: Polyetherimide (PEI) has several uses such as electrical insulation. It can undergo different constraints like heat or high voltage which influence its performances as insulator. In this study, the effects of heating on structural and electrical properties of polyetherimide (Ultem 1000) are studied. Approach: PEI samples were heated at different temperatures below the glass transition temperature (175, 190 … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 8,556 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractApplying Simulated Annealing For Optimal Operation of Multi-Reservoir SystemsF. Khodabakhshi, A. R. Ghirian, N. KhakzadThe need to optimize the operation of water reservoirs is an issue that is becoming increasingly a concern for water resources planners in developing countries. This issue particularly becomes more significant in large systems with multiple reservoirs where operation of one reservoir has an impact on the others. In other word, the set of reservoirs in these systems act like … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2009 · 7,626 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDetermination of Nonlinear Optimal Feedback Law for Satellite Injection Problem Using Neighboring Optimal ControlHamed Hossein Afshari, Alireza Basohbat Novinzadeh, Jafar RoshanianAn optimal trajectory design of a nonlinear satellite injection problem for transfer to a final target orbit by minimizing the time was investigated. Indeed, this design was an exact solution to the nonlinear two-point boundary value problem which determined optimal control history as well as optimal state trajectories in the open-loop form. Furthermore, the obtained optimal guidance strategy was exerted … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2009 · 7,262 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Novel Method for Optimal Location and Expansion of Subtransmission Substations Considering Existing Medium-Voltage Distribution FeedersM. Farrokhifar, M. Bana Sharifian, R. EsmaeilzadehThis research presents an accurate comprehensive cost function for the problem of optimal location of subtransmission substations. Technical constraints and economical parameters are investigated in the modeling. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the cost function. Coding of decision variables is done in a way that finding the correct solutions is achieved faster. For the first time in this study, … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 31 Mar 2009 · 7,793 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractComparative Studies on the Performance of Low Power Transmitters for Wireless Sensor NodesT. Sasilatha, J. RajaProblem statement: Power consumption was one of the most challenging aspects to design low power wireless sensor nodes. The objectives of the study were to (i) Design low voltage, low power transmitters for wireless sensor nodes and (ii) Compare and analyze the performance of the transmitters. Approach: The transmitters employed direct digital modulation scheme to reduce the power consumption of … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2009 · 7,453 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDNA Code Word Design for DNA Computing with Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionMuhammad Faiz Mohamed Saaid, Zuwairie Ibrahim, Mohamad Shukri Zainal Abidin et al.Problem statement: A number of DNA computing models to solve mathematical graph problem such as the Hamiltonian Path Problem (HPP), Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and the Shortest Path Problem (SPP), have been proposed and demonstrated. Normally, the DNA sequences used for the computation should be critically designed in order to reduce error that could occur during a computation. We have … …Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 5, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2009 · 7,506 accessesView PDFCite