Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInnate, Adaptive and Intrinsic Immunity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionSuneth S. Perera, Nitin K. SaksenaThe first line of defence of the innate immune system functions by recognizing highly conserved sets of molecular structures specific to the microbes, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs via the germ line-encoded receptors Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs). In addition to the innate immune system, the vertebrates have also evolved a second line of defence termed adaptive immune system, which uses … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 27 Nov 2012 · 9,727 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDownstream Ecocide from Upstream Water PiracyMiah Muhammad AdelUpstream India and downstream Bangladesh share more than 50 international rivers. India has set up water diversion constructions in more than 50% of these rivers, the largest one being on the Bangladesh’s northwest upon the Ganges River, puts Bangladesh’s Gangetic ecosystem at stake. In some border rivers, India has set up groins on her side of river banks. Also, Indian … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 5 · 4 Sep 2012 · 9,077 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInsulin Pump Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes-Merging Technology with Diabetes CareH. ThabitThe use of insulin pump therapy has been increasing over the past number of years in many countries. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) have proven that better glycaemic control with fewer hypoglycemic events is achievable with insulin pump therapy. The delivery of subcutaneous insulin through an insulin pump mimics physiological insulin delivery better than Multiple Daily Injection of … …Current Research in Medicine, Vol. 3, Issue 2 · 22 May 2012 · 7,208 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMercury in Hair of Muskox on the Seward PeninsulaClaudia Ihl, R. Terry Bowyer, Kriya L. Dunlap, Lawrence K. DuffyProblem statement: Muskoxen (Ovibus moschatus) are distant relatives of sheep (Caprinae) and have roamed the Arctic for a million years, with populations reaching North America between 150,000 and 250,000 years ago. Muskox populations could be negatively influenced by climate change and increased exposure to contaminants. Since the snow depth is a critical factor in their ecology, effects could occur throughout … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 2 · 24 Mar 2012 · 7,008 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Role of CO2 Emission in Energy Demand and SupplyMd. Azizul Bari, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Rawshan Ara Begum et al.Problem statement: During the last few years in Malaysia, the amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere has been rising extensively. The main source of CO2 is power source of automobile and industry that are contributing the main role for these CO2 emissions. But these sectors are also very important for economic growth and developments. The aim of … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 5 · 22 Feb 2012 · 7,063 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Comparison of the Business Environments of Two Emerging EconomiesCelina Garcia, Zaida L. MartinezProblem statement: Brazil and Mexico, the two largest emerging economies of Latin America, have undergone significant transformation in the past decades providing unique business opportunities to international entrepreneurs. To take advantage of the business opportunities in these emerging markets, however, entrepreneurs need a basic understanding of the economic and regulatory developmental patterns that have characterized each country. Conclusion/Recommendations: This study … …American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 14 Feb 2012 · 7,394 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEnvironmental Radioactive Impact Associated to Uranium ProductionFernando P. CarvalhoProblem statement: One century of uranium mining in Europe and North-America created a legacy of ore mining and milling sites needing rehabilitation for environmental and human safety. In the last decades developments of uranium mining displaced the core of this activity to Australia, Canada and African countries. In the coming years, uranium mining is expected to grow further, in those … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 6 · 14 Jan 2012 · 8,257 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNew Mersenne Number Transform Diffusion Power AnalysisM. F. Al-Gailani, S. BoussaktaProblem statement: Due to significant developments in the processing power and parallel processing technologies, the existing encryption algorithms are increasingly susceptible to attacks, such as side-channel attacks, for example. Designing new encryption algorithms that work efficiently on different platforms and security levels to protect the transmitted data from any possible attacks is one of the most important issues in today’s … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4 · 12 Jan 2012 · 7,454 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEvaluation of Common Maintenance Methods for Flexible PavementsAsma T. Ibraheem, Suda M. GaniProblem statement: With the increasing use and awareness of pavement management systems and the growing emphasis on asset management of pavement infrastructure, it is important to strengthen the maintenance components of these systems and particularly the preventive maintenance component. Iraqi Roads don’t receive an effective and proper maintenance during their service life until they reach the state of major failure … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 3 · 29 Nov 2011 · 7,866 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Critical Review of Climate Change Induced Psychosocial Impacts and Options for Strengthening Social Support SystemsParnali Dhar Chowdhury, C. Emdad Haque, Graham SmithProblem statement: Climate change and its associated manifestations have only recently emerged as significant threats to health faced by Canadians. The emergence of these threats has meant that Canadians are faced with increasing health-related concerns that are more frequent, more severe and occurring in communities where they have not been previously experienced. The compounding effects of change in weather patterns … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 26 Aug 2011 · 7,428 accessesView PDFCite