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223 articles for “Substrate”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInfluence of Annealing Temperature on Characteristics of Bismuth Doped Zinc Oxide FilmsSirirat Tubsungnoen Rattanachan, Phanuwat Krongarrom, Thipwan FangsuwannarakIn this study, Bismuth (Bi) doped ZnO thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by a sol-gel spin coating method and annealed at different annealing temperatures of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C, respectively. Structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline Bi-doped ZnO film on quartz were investigated by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 11 · 1 Oct 2013 · 7,126 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDetermining Optical Constants of Selenium Thin Films using the Envelope MethodNehad M. Tashtoush, Osamah ALkasassbehTwo Selenium thin films were deposited on glass substrates using thermal evaporation technique. The optical constants (refractive index, absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient and energy gap) were calculated using the Transmittance (T) spectrums of the films in the spectral range of 500-900 nm. The envelope method was used to determine optical constants. The calculated refractive index was found to be … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 2 · 15 Feb 2013 · 6,337 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractTunability Performance of Reflectarrays Based on Non-Linear Material PropertiesM. Y. Ismail, M. Hashim DahriLimited phase range and narrower bandwidth are the main performance limitations of reflectarray antennas for high gain applications which result in the performance to be restricted particularly in satellite and earth observatory systems. This study provides a thorough investigation on the tunability performance of reflectarrays designed in X-band frequency range using different non-linear dielectric substrates. An investigation of phase agility … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 6 Feb 2013 · 7,450 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractAntibiotic Resistance and Chromium Reduction Pattern Among ActinomycetesPreeti Jain, Alina Amatullah, Samiul Alam Rajib, Hasan Mahmud RezaActinomycetes, one of the most important groups of microbes, exhibit many interesting activities such as degradation and transformation of organic and metal substrates together with production of antibiotics. With these bioactivities, actinomycetes would play an important role in the webs of the marine environment. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern, antibiotic producing potential and chromium … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 2 · 22 Jun 2012 · 8,905 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractInvestigation of Nano Structural Changes by Annealing Temperature and Uniform Oxygen Flow on Ti LayersHaleh Kangarlou, Saeid RafizadehProblem statement: Ti films of the same thickness, deposition angle (near normal) and deposition rate were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature under UHV conditions. Approach: Different annealing temperatures 423 K, 523 K and 623 K with uniform 7 cm3 sec-1, oxygen flow, were used to produce titanium oxide layers. Results: Thin film structures were studied using AFM, XRD … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 8 · 18 Jul 2011 · 7,378 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractOptical Properties of Crosslinked Chitosan Thin Film with Glutaraldehyde Using Surface Plasmon Resonance TechniqueYap Wing Fen, W. Mahmood Mat Yunus, Mohd Maarof Moksin et al.Problem statement: The aim of this research is to study the optical properties of crosslinked chitosan thin film with glutaraldehyde using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technique. Approach: The crosslinked chitosan is synthesized by homogeneous reaction of medium molecular weight chitosan in aqueous acetic acid solution with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Four different amount of chitosan, i.e., 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 and … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 1 · 28 Jan 2011 · 9,624 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffects of Cooling and Supplemental Bovine Somatotropin on Milk Production relating to Body Glucose Metabolism and Utilization of Glucose by the Mammary Gland in Crossbred Holstein CattleSiravit Sitprija, Somchai Chanpongsang, Narongsak ChaiyabutrProblem statement: The low milk yield and shorter persistency of lactation of dairy cattle is the major problem for the dairy practices in the tropics. High environmental temperatures and rapid decline of plasma growth hormone level can influence milk production. Regulation of the milk yield of animals is mainly based on the mechanisms governing the quantity of glucose extracted by … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2010 · 7,341 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEnzymatic Synthesis of Palm Alkyl Ester Using Dialkyl Carbonate as an Alkyl DonorsRoila Awang, Choo Yuen MayProblem statement: Though efficient in terms of reaction yield and time, the chemical approach to synthesizing alkyl ester has drawback such as difficulties in the recovery of glycerol and the need for removal of salt residue. On the other hand, biocatalyst allow for synthesis of specific alkyl esters and easy recovery of glycerol. However, the solvent-free alcoholysis, does not give … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 8 · 31 Aug 2010 · 7,235 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Use of Insects as Human Food in ZambiaA.E. GhalyProblem statement: The life cycle and culture structure of two commonly eaten worms in Zambia (Isoberlinia paniculata and Miombo/Mopani) were evaluated. The worms were grown on an artificial medium to evaluate the potential of producing them on a commercial scale. Approach: An interesting characteristic of the worms studied was that they reached their maximum weight and maximum length at the … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 8,701 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Black Cutworm as a Potential Human FoodA.E. GhalyProblem statement: The black cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon) were grown in an artificial medium to evaluate their potential as a human food. Approach: The culture was started from moths and the life cycle and culture structure were evaluated. There was an initial adjustment period of 3 days during which the growth of the larvae was very slow. The size of the … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,573 accessesView PDFCite