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228 articles for “Brain”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNeuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Drug AuseArun Venkatesan, Ola Selnes, Valerie Wojna et al.Accurate assessment of the functional consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and drugs of abuse are critical as large populations are afflicted with both. Both are interdependent epidemics with important socioeconomic consequences. Experimental studies in animal models and in vitro clearly indicate that HIV and drugs of abuse cause increased neurodegeneration, glial cell activation and enhanced HIV replication. Nevertheless, … …American Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 30 Jun 2006 · 6,662 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPhysical Basis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application to Central Nervous System DiseasesNicolás Fayed, Salvador Olmos, Humberto Morales, Pedro J. ModregoMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is based on the chemical shift property of the atom nuclei when a magnetic field is applied. This technique offers invaluable information about living tissues with special contribution to the diagnosis and prognosis of the central nervous system diseases. Concentration of several metabolites can be assessed in a reproducible manner by means of modern clinical scanners. N-acetyl-aspartate … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 5 · 31 May 2006 · 7,851 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRole of Cytokines in the Regulation of Glioma Tumour Growth and AngiogenesisChristina Piperi, Athanasios Zisakis, Robert W. Lea, Anastasios KalofoutisMalignant glioblastomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors accounting for more than 50% of all intracranial gliomas. Due to their aggressive nature, recurrent growth, and their extremely poor prognosis for survival, research approaches have made little progress in advancing treatment of these tumours which have the ability of both modulating host immune function and neutralizing immune-based therapies. … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2005 · 6,868 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEarly Cellular Responses of Purine Nucleoside-mediated Protection of Hypoxia-induced Injuries of Neuronal PC12 CellsBettina Tomaselli, Valerie Podhraski, Günther Böck, Gabriele Baier-BitterlichHypoxia in brain may lead to cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. In parallel adenosine, a powerful endogenous neuroprotectant is formed. We wanted to investigate the effect of adenosine and its purine nucleoside relatives, inosine and guanosine on early cellular responses to hypoxia. O2-sensitive neuronal PC12-cells were subjected to chemical hypoxia induced with rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. … …American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2005 · 6,853 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Hybrid Fuzzy Neural Networks for the Detection of Tumors in Medical ImagesN. Benamrane, A. Freville, R. NekkacheIn this study, we propose an approach to detect suspect zones or tumors in medical images. The idea is to define with precision the existence of different kinds of lesions using a hybrid system, which combines Fuzzy Neural Networks and Expert System. After applying a method of image segmentation to extract regions (by region growing algorithm or by mathematical morphology … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2005 · 6,873 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractMetabolic Potential Versus Genome SizeAtanas Todorov Atanasov, Dimitar Todorov ValevAlberch, P. (1983). Development and Evolution: Embryos, Genes, and Evolution. The Developmental-Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. Science, 221(4607), 257–258. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4607.257 Andrews, C. B., Mackenzie, S. A., & Gregory, T. R. (2009). Genome size and wing parameters in passerine birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 276(1654), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1012 Atanasov, A. T. (2005). The linear alometric relationship between total metabolic energy … …Physics International, Vol. 13, Issue 1 · 15 Jun 2022 · 7,229 accessesView PDFCite
Literature ReviewOpen accessIn the abstractPotential Pathomechanism of Neuro-COVID-19Abir Fguirouche, Nissrine Louhab, Mohamed Chraa et al.Gathered data about SARS-CoV-2 have shown strong evidence in terms of neuroinvasive and neurotropic capacities of the virus to reach and cause eventual damage to the Central Nervous System. The spread of the virus may occur through direct and indirect ways, leading to anosmia and/or ageusia. These signs have been observed in many COVID-19 patients and are then included in … …OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 4 · 7 Dec 2020 · 6,542 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractNormative Data Obtained in Testing the Sense of Hearing in Kangal Shepherd DogsMustafa Koçkaya, Yusuf Özşensoy, Hakan MuratSense of hearing is of crucial importance for dogs to perform their duties. There is no study to determine the reference latency intervals of dogs' sense of hearing. The aim of this study is to identify normative data that can be used as the reference interval for the wave latencies I, III and V at 80 dB with respect to … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 14, Issue 3 · 22 Aug 2019 · 7,350 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDeafness Risk Estimation Analysis of Native Genetic Resource Kangal Shepherd Dog Breed: Sivas Province ExampleMustafa Koçkaya, Yusuf Özşensoy, Hakan MuratKangal shepherd dogs have excellent sensory organs and perform missions perfectly. For this reason, in many countries of the world, they are preferred for herd guard and as shepherd dog. One of these sensory organs is hearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the deafness risk estimation analysis of Kangal shepherd dogs breeding in Sivas province of Turkey. … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 14, Issue 2 · 10 May 2019 · 8,219 accessesView PDFCite
EditorialOpen accessIn the abstractAMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS: HOW TO UNDERSTAND SUCH DIVERSE AND SO ENTANGLED PHYSIOPATHOLOGY?Carlos Henrique Melo Reis, Marco Orsini, Marco Antônio Araujo Leite et al.When in 1865, JeanMartin Charcotreported patients with progressive muscular atrophysuperimposedwith spasticity of inexorable evolution as result of combinedlesions of the anterior horn and lateral column of the spinal cord, hecertainly inaugurated an attempt on the comprehension of one of the mostcomplexes neurological clinical conditions, which until today persists withimmense voids on their comprehension, regardless of the enormous advancesachieved. Astime went … …Current Research in Medicine, Vol. 5, Issue 2 · 16 Feb 2015 · 7,149 accessesView PDFCite