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2,150 articles for “Three Rs”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractExogenous Re-infection by Multiple Exposures to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Contributes to Subsequent Development of Active TuberculosisDiane J. Ordway, Miguel Viveiros, Fernando A. Ventura et al.The majority of tuberculosis (TB) exists in the world’s poorest countries, where costly biosafety level three facilities for containment of infectious TB patients and diagnostic facilities are not affordable. Health care workers (HCWs), in countries with high burdens of tuberculosis (TB) are at risk of nosocomially acquired TB, as there are increased numbers of cases of TB on open hospital … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 6,967 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractBinding of the scutellarin to albumin using tryptophan fluorescence quenching, CD and FT-IR spectraJianniao Tian, Jiaqin Liu, Zhide Hu, Xingguo ChenThe binding of scutellarin with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at three temperatures, 296k, 310K, and 318K, by the fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at pH 7.40. The binding parameters were determined by Stern-Volmer equation. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to the dependence of enthalpy change on the temperature as follows:ΔH0 and ΔS0 … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 13,643 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractExtracts of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seeds Suppress Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in vitroChristiana Winkler, Barbara Wirleitner, Katharaina Schroecksnadel et al.In the traditional medicine in North America and Mexico, pumpkin seeds have been used as an anthelmintic agent and for supportive treatment in functional disorders of the bladder. Also anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity of pumpkin seeds is discussed. Three different extracts of pumpkin seeds were prepared and effects were investigated in unstimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in cells … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 10,711 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractStatistical Verification of Folk Medicinal Potentiality of Wild Dicot Aquatic Plants in JordanS. Al-Qura'nThis study describes a floristic study of Jordan with its environs. The study was carried out during 2001-2003 and 287 aquatic dicot samples were collected and photographed in the field. After the identification of the specimens, the total wild aquatic dicot species have been determined as 87 species belonging to 59 genera and 33 plant families were presented in investigated … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 6,478 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractPhotovoltaic Technology of Electricity Generation for Desert CampingShafiqur Rehman, Ali A. Shash, Omar S. Baghabra Al-AmoudiThis study presents a case study on the utilization of global solar radiation data on horizontal surface to perform economical feasibility of using Photovoltaic (PV) panels with battery backup to meet a small load for a camping site in Saudi Arabia. The analysis considers three scenarios with daily average energy demands of: (i) full load, (ii) 75% load and (iii) … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 6,922 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractVegetation Dynamics in the Tafileh Woodlands of Southern JordanSaleh Al-Qura'nWoodland vegetation in the Tafileh highlands of southern Jordan was investigated and quantitatively surveyed to determine the patterns of vegetation dynamics associated with altitude and topography. Three tree species (Juniperus phoenicea L. (evergreen needle-leaved woodland resistant to cold), Pistacia atlantica Desf. and Quercus aegilps L. (cold-deciduos broad-leaved woodland) and five shrubs (Colutea istria Miller, Gomphocarpus sinaicus R. Br., Thymelaea hirsute … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 1 · 31 Mar 2005 · 6,929 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractRAM 1.0 Software for Gaussian-Plume Multiple Source Air Quality SimulationLiren Yu, Paulo I.F. de AlmeidaThis study presents a developed software in environmental engineering, namely RAM 1.0 (RAM: Regulatory Air Model), adopted completely Graphical User Interface (GUI) technique, for operating in various Windows-based microcomputers. RAM 1.0 software consists of the improved RAM Model and RAM Algorithm as well as developed RAM 1.0 Graphical User Interface, respectively. RAM Model takes into account different ambient characteristics, meteorological … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2005 · 7,458 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractA Conceptual Design of the Concurrent Engineering Design System for Polymeric-Based Composite Automotive PedalsS. M. SapuanIn this study, a study of conceptual design for the polymeric-based composite automotive pedal box system is presented. This study describes the importance of the concurrent engineering technique in the total design activity. Several idea generation methods like the extension of the search space, the morphological chart, the exploitation of experiences, the gallery method and the voice of customer had … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 2 · 28 Feb 2005 · 7,727 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractSpectrometric Methods Used to Determine Heavy Metals and Total Cyanides in Accidental Polluted SoilsA. Mihaly-Cozmuta, L. Mihal Cozmuta, V. Viman et al.The study presents the level of soil pollution in the area adjacent to three sedimentation ponds as a result of an environmental accident. Soil samples from various sites have been collected and analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) and total cyanides. The analysis methods used were ICP-AES for heavy metals and the colorimetric for total … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 · 31 Jan 2005 · 6,910 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThermal Energy Loss in the Steam Valves and its EffectsGalip Temir, Durriye BilgeIn this study, the effects of thermal losses in steam valves for flow have been analyzed. In a set of experiment built to achieve this, pressure and condensate values have been calculated in different temperatures for insulated and non-insulated cases in three different nominal diameter steam valves. The amount of energy lost from the valve surface in the natural convection … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 3 · 30 Sep 2004 · 7,202 accessesView PDFCite