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215 results for “Production cost”
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Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractINTEREST COVERAGE RATIOS (ICRs) AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY: APPLICATION TO FIRMS WITH BOVINE DAIRY LIVESTOCKGiuseppe Bonazzi, Mattia IottiAgricultural firms with bovine dairy livestock are characterized by high investments in capital equipment and this is determined by the biological cycle of production, which requires large investments in land, facilities and bovine herd. These large investments require funding from equity capital or debt capital, which generates financial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to assess not only the profitability of … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 4 · 15 Oct 2014 · 7,657 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractIMPLEMENTATION OF HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS REQUIREMENTS IN NUTRITION DEPARTMENTS OF SELECTED HOSPITALS IN IRANFereshteh Farzianpour, Ali Namati, Ahmad Reza Raeisi et al.Nutrition department is one of the most important parts in a hospital since the performance of it has great impact on patients’ satisfaction. HACCP standard is one of tools for management and monitoring of the nutrition department. The aim of this study was reviewing the condition of HACCP standard requirements in nutrition departments of selected hospitals of Isfahan University of … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 2 · 1 Feb 2014 · 7,596 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractThe Innate Immunity in Bovine Mastitis: The Role of Pattern-Recognition ReceptorsFernando Nogueira de Souza, Eduardo Milton Ramos Sanchez, Marcos Bryan Heinemann et al.Mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers and industry, which are mainly caused by the entry of bacteria to the teat canal. Shortly after the entry of the invading bacteria, the innate immunity recognizes the invading pathogen through pattern recognition receptors and initiates the inflammatory response necessary to eliminate the invading bacteria. This initial inflammatory response releases cytokines … …American Journal of Immunology, Vol. 8, Issue 4 · 18 Oct 2012 · 10,357 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEffect of Complete Micro Nutrient Fertilizer Application on Soybean Yield and Yield ComponentsFarimah Ghannadi Behrouzi, Sardar Germchi, Mehrdad YarniaIn last decades, sever population growth cause to enormous problems in developing countries. One of the effective factors in improving of quantity and quality of agricultural products is optimal application of chemical fertilizers. Hence, any research in this field can be an effective step to decrease production costs and increase productivity. In order to evaluation effects of complete micro nutrient … …American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 5 Oct 2012 · 8,132 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEcological Monitoring of Danube water Quality in Budapest RegionHosam E.A.F. Bayoumi Hamuda, Istvan PatkoProblem statement: Serious health problems and other economic costs related to water treatment, remediation and locating a new water supply, become an evidence of water pollution caused by human activities. The main problems of the Danube River basin are associated with nutrients, organic pollution and hazardous pollutants. The aim of the study is to assess the surface water of the … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 3 · 5 Apr 2012 · 9,033 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractUtilization of Eco-Feed Containing Mugwort Microorganism Compounds as a Feed Ingredient Source for Layer HensJassada Ruttanavut, Koh-en Yamauchi, Narin ThongwittayaProblem statement: Due to price hikes in feed, several strategies should be sought to reduce feeding costs. At the same time, there has been a considerable increase in environmental pollution from food waste. If food waste could be transferred into poultry diets, this would solve a great problem, helping poultry producers to reduce feeding costs, while reducing environmental problems arising … …American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue 1 · 26 Apr 2011 · 8,378 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractModeling and Analysis of MRR, EWR and Surface Roughness in EDM Milling through Response Surface MethodologyA.K.M. Asif Iqbal, Ahsan Ali KhanProblem statement: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has grown over the last few decades from a novelty to a mainstream manufacturing process. Though, EDM process is very demanding but the mechanism of the process is complex and far from completely understood. It is difficult to establish a model that can accurately predict the performance by correlating the process parameters. The optimum … …American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 4 · 4 Nov 2010 · 9,615 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractEvaluating the Maintenance Performance of the Semiconductor Factories Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Grey Relational AnalysisFei-Long Chen, Yun-Chin ChenProblem statement: Maintenance is an important factor in semiconductor factories, not only because of costs and the need for the uninterrupted operation of semiconductor equipment, but also the time and expense required for maintenance. If maintenance procedures are not performed properly, the equipment will have low efficiency or break down, production capacity will decrease and the company will incur extra … …American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4 · 30 Apr 2010 · 7,311 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractHeuristic Placement Routines for Two-Dimensional Bin Packing ProblemL. Wong, L. S. LeeProblem statement: Cutting and packing (C and P) problems are optimization problems that are concerned in finding a good arrangement of multiple small items into one or more larger objects. Bin packing problem is a type of C AND P problems. Bin packing problem is an important industrial problem where the general objective is to reduce the production costs by … …Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,703 accessesView PDFCite
Research ArticleOpen accessIn the abstractDevelopment of a Fully Coupled Approach for Evaluation of Wellbore Stability in Hydrocarbon ReservoirsVera RoccaProblem statement: When a well is drilled in a hydrocarbon reservoir, the original thermodynamic conditions are altered, the natural stresses are redistributed and a stress concentration occurs around the hole. The alteration of the original equilibrium can lead to wellbore damage, sometimes to its complete collapse. Loss of time associated with stability problems is estimated to account for 12-15% of … …American Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 6 · 31 Dec 2009 · 7,564 accessesView PDFCite